施氮量對煙葉香氣物質含量的影響及品種間差異研究

吳祖聚

摘要 為了弄清烤煙碳氮代謝的品種間差異，以不同施氮量為處理，研究了碳氮代謝關鍵化合物，分析相關酶的動態變化及其與香氣物質形成的關系。結果表明：中煙100和K326在中氮條件下香氣物質總量最高，NC89在低氮條件下最高；品種間香氣物質總量中煙100最高。碳氮代謝的協調與香氣物質總量、各類組分與品種、施氮量的互作有關，其中品種因素起主導作用，煙株前期氮代謝旺盛，后期轉向碳代謝的規律有利于香氣物質的形成。

關鍵詞 施氮量；香氣物質；品種；碳氮代謝

中圖分類號 TS41+1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739（2015）18-0019-03

Study on Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage on the Content of Aroma Substances in Tobacco and the Differences of Varieties

WU Zu-ju

（Shiyan Danjiangkou Tobacco Companies Marketing Department，Danjiangkou Hubei 442700）

Abstract In order to understand the difference of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco varieties taking nitrogen application amount as treatment the dynamic change of carbon and nitrogen metabolism key compounds and related enzymes was studied，the relationship between them and aroma matter formation was analyzed.The results showed that total amount of aroma substances of CC100 and K326 were the highest under the middlnitrogen condition，NC89 had the highest gotal amount under low nitrogen condition.Total amount of aroma substances of CC100 was the highest among tobacco varieties.There was the relation between carbon and nitrogen metabolism of coordination，total amount of aroma substances and all and variety and nitrogen application amount of interaction，the varieties played a leading role，nitrogen metabolism in early stage of tobacco plant and later turned to the law of carbon metabolism was conducive to the formation of aroma substances.

Key words nitrogen fertilizer dosage；aroma substance；variety；carbon and nitrogen metabolism

烤煙碳、氮代謝受遺傳基因、環境條件和栽培技術的影響，是一種多基因調控與環境因素交互作用的結果[1]。不同品種由于基因型和遺傳基礎不同，煙葉碳氮代謝存在很大差異，因此導致化學成分和香氣物質含量也不相同。該文通過不同施氮量處理，研究了不同葉齡時期不同品種煙葉在生長發育過程中，碳、氮化合物和相關酶的變化及對煙葉品質的影響，以及品種間碳氮代謝對煙葉各類香氣物質形成的相關性差異，為科學施肥、成熟采收以及不同品種制定更加合理的栽培措施提供指導，為優質、特色煙葉生產提供理論依據。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗地概況

試驗于2012年在十堰進行。試驗地土壤肥力均勻，地面平整，供試土壤為黃棕壤土，基礎土壤肥力為全氮1.21 g/kg，堿解氮69.59 mg/kg，有效磷7.57 mg/kg，速效鉀102.43 mg/kg，緩效鉀711.58 mg/kg，有機質18.63 g/kg，pH值7.92。

1.2 試驗材料

供試烤煙品種中煙100、K326和NC89?！?br>