王怡玫++司雨++梁普興++郝東川++梁見冰
摘要 茄子嫁接技術是防治茄子土傳病害黃萎病的一種有效途徑,采用適宜的抗病材料作為砧木進行嫁接,可增強茄子抗病能力,促進茄子生長,提高產量。通過對不同嫁接方法、不同嫁接時期、嫁接苗愈合期管理等有關嫁接技術的研究,并進行了茄子嫁接試驗,總結出了最適合珠三角地區應用的嫁接技術與后期的栽培管理方案,包括砧木和接穗選擇、砧木苗和接穗苗培育、嫁接、嫁接后管理、大田栽培管理、病蟲害防治等方面內容,以供參考。
關鍵詞 茄子;嫁接;栽培管理
中圖分類號 S641.1 文獻標識碼 B 文章編號 1007-5739(2015)18-0104-02
Grafting Technique of Eggplant in the South of China
WANG Yi-mei SI Yu LIANG Pu-xing * HAO Dong-chuan LIANG Jian-bing
(Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Guangdong Province,Foshan Guangdong 528145)
Abstract Eggplant grafting technique is an effective way on prevention and control some soil borne disease such as eggplant verticillium wilt(Cyanosis).Using appropriate disease-resistant material as stock for grafting can strengthen the disease-resistant ability of eggplant,promote the growth and increase production.Grafting methods and cultivation management become the primary limitation factors for the widespread use of the technology.Refer to some researches which study grafting methods,grafting periods and healing period of graft seedling,and carry out some grafting experiment,we have studied out a conclusion that most suitable grafting technology and later cultivation management solutions for the local,including rootstock and scion selection,cultivation of rootstockand scion seedlings,grafting technique,post grafting management,field cultivation and management,pest and disease control and so on,in order to provide references.
Key words eggplant;grafting;cultivation management
茄子(Solanum melongena L.)嫁接技術作為一項防治茄子土傳病害的有效途徑,在大面積生產中,隨著年復一年的重茬種植,連作障礙引起的枯萎病、黃萎病、青枯病等土傳病害越來越重,一些地區常年發病率在20%~30%,重病年達50%~60%,應用農藥很難控制,嚴重制約了茄子生產的發展。當前抗土傳病害的品種相對較少,且高產質優的抗病品種少之又少。研究表明,在缺少抗病品種的情況下,防止枯萎病、黃萎病、青枯病等茄子土傳病害發生的經濟、有效的方法是采用嫁接栽培技術[1-2]。
茄子嫁接技術是選用高抗茄子土傳病害的野生茄科植物作為嫁接砧木,將茄苗嫁接在砧木上的一項技術。嫁接后的茄子不僅能有效預防茄子土傳病害(黃萎病、枯萎病、青枯病和根結線蟲病)的發生,而且植株長勢強,產量高,品質好,在設施栽培條件下可連續生長多年,收獲期長[3]。……