通過詩歌和歌曲學習虛擬語氣的用法
——以虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法教學設計為例

常 英

教學設計

通過詩歌和歌曲學習虛擬語氣的用法
——以虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法教學設計為例

常 英

虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法是歷年高考英語的考查重點之一。要做好英語語法教學工作，不可做過多的講解，應該讓學生在“用中學”。通過詩歌和歌曲學習虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法，使教學在師生互動、生生互動中輕松進行，能夠使學生學有所獲，教師教有所長。

虛擬語氣；詩歌；歌曲；條件狀語從句

一、教學目標

Knowledge goals（語言目標）

1.Enable students to learn different forms of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences.

2.Enable students to discover and use the different forms of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences correctly and freely in proper situation through songs and poems.

Ability goals（能力目標）

Be able to use the subjunctive mood in relation to conditional sentences in daily life,expressing wishes,regrets and dreams.

Feelings and Value goals（情感目標）

1.Stimulate students'interest in learning English grammar through songs and poems.

2.Develop students'sense of teamwork and cooperation.

Teaching key points

Be able to use the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences.

Teaching difficult point

Work out some exercises concerning the use of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences freely, correctly and properly.

Teaching methods

Task-based teaching and learning,students-centred,summarizing,cooperative method,practicing activities.

Learning methods

group work,cooperative learning

二、教材分析及備課思路

人教版普通高中課程標準實驗教科書英語選修模塊6（劉道義2007）的第一、二單元的語法教學是虛擬語氣，第一單元學習與現在和將來事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法，第二單元學習與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法。為了使學生更好地學習掌握虛擬語氣的用法，教師應整合教材內容，利用兩節課講授這個語法項目。第一節課學習虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法，第二節課學習虛擬語氣的其他用法。教學中通過“呈現—發現—歸納—實踐—活用”進行語法教學。

《高中英語新課程標準（實驗）》指出，培養學生的綜合語言運用能力，充分發揮學生的主觀能動性，同時切實提高語法課堂的知識性和趣味性，提升學生的學習能力，培養學生的合作意識和探究精神，為他們的終身學習奠定基礎（教育部2003）。

中學英語語法課是必要的，符合學生認知規律的循序漸進的語法教學能夠迅速有效地幫助學生準確地理解和掌握英語。語法教學不可做過多的講解，給學生造成語法“繁、難、雜”的印象，應讓學生在“用中學”。因此，本節課就通過詩歌和歌曲學習虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法，積極鼓勵學生在學習中努力嘗試，使教學在師生互動、生生互動中輕松進行，使學生和教師能學有所獲，教有所長。

三、教學環節及設計意圖

Step 1:Lead in—Enjoy a poem

Encourage the students to read this poem in chorus and individually.Focus on the forms of the underlined words and learn the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences through this poem.

If All the Skies Were Sunshine

By Henry van Dyke

If all the skies were sunshine,如果滿天是陽光，

Our faces would be fain我們的臉龐就會渴望

Ifalltheworldweremusic,如果世界各地音樂飄飄

，Our hearts would often long我們的心靈就會不時想要

If life were always merry,如果生活總是歡樂，

Our souls would seek relief我們的靈魂就會尋求釋放（朱敏琦2012）

【設計意圖】詩歌表達的是真實的情感，詩歌創作的素材來源于生活，通過對Henry van Dyke的If All the Skies Were Sunshine這首詩的鑒賞，用詩歌中的幾個句子引出非真實條件句，學習與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法。使學生學習語法的緊張心情可以得到放松。讓學生認真明白：虛擬語氣不表示一個客觀事實，而是用來表示說話人的主觀假設、愿望、懷疑或推測。

Step 2:Listening and singing

As we know,English songs are popular with students,Beyonce's songs in particular.Play the songs“If I Were a Boy”sung by Beyonce to arouse students'interest in learning English grammar through songs.So encourage the students to focus on the listening exercise and ask the students to fill in the blanks with a proper word while listening.

If I were a boy

Even just for a day

I'd roll out of bed in the morning

I'd kick it with who I wanted

And I'd ever get confronted for it

Because they'd stick up for me

If I were a boy

I think I could understand...

【設計意圖】英文歌曲中虛擬語氣的應用是很頻繁的，英語歌曲中的歌詞常常表達人們內心的許多愿望，使學生在歌曲中輕松愉快地學習語法結構，激發學生學習英語語法的興趣，突破學習語法結構這個難點，達到事半功倍的教學效果。通過讓學生在欣賞這首歌曲的同時補全歌詞，使學生帶著問題學習，讓學生體會所填內容，引出非真實條件句，進一步學習與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法。

Step 3：Group work

Play a game“If I were a...，I would...”.

Get the students to work in groups.Encourage them to imagine what they would do if they could be somebody or do something.Make their sentences as interesting and imaginative as they can.Finally share some with the class.

Example：

If I were a rich man，I would make sure that all poor people had enough to eat.

If I were a big tree，I would grow so tall that I'd touch the sky.

If I were a bird，I could fly freely in the sky.

（2007年普通高中課程標準實驗教科書英語選修6第43頁）

【設計意圖】通過假設虛擬情境，讓學生積極參與到教學情景設計中，用所學的虛擬句式造句或表達觀點。通過游戲，鼓勵學生表達美好的愿望，讓學生展開想象力，和同伴利用歌曲中的典型句式暢談自己的夢想，抒發自己的情懷。這樣可以加強學生間的思想交流，使學生互相合作、互相學習、同伴互助，發表自己的觀點，主動去獲取知識，在用中學習了語法句式，使學習過程更加具有趣味性，學生也會有一定的成就感。

Step 4：Reading aloud

Encourage the students to read this poem in chorus and in pairs.Focus on the forms of the underlined words and go on learning the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences through this poem.

Our First Football Match

We would have won

if Jack had scored that goal,

We would have won...

if we had been better!（2007年普通高中課程標準實驗教科書英語選修6第10頁）

【設計意圖】通過聽和朗讀這首詩，讓學生仔細觀察這首詩的動詞形式，學習與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法。使學生明白：在學習生活中，我們都曾經留下了缺憾，但我們要相信不經歷風雨怎么見彩虹，只有努力了才能夠成功。

Step 5：Sing a song

Play the song“If it hadn't been for love”sung by Adele.Get the students to fill each blank with proper words while listening.

If it hadn't been for love

by Adele.

Never would have hitchhiked to Birmingham

If it hadn't been for love

Never would have caught the train to Louisiana

If it hadn't been for love

Never would have run through the blinding rain

Without one dollar to my name

If it hadn't been if it hadn't been for love

【設計意圖】通過聽歌曲If it hadn't been for love進行聽力訓練，讓學生仔細觀察這首歌的動詞形式，在歌曲中繼續學習虛擬語氣，重點學習與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法。

Step 6：Group work

Get the students to work in groups to fill in this chart and sum up the structures of the subjunctive mood in conditional sentences.

表1：虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法

【設計意圖】設計用表格呈現，鼓勵學生通過小組合作學習，總結虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的語法（如表1）。虛擬語氣表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或者與事實相反的假設等，一般常用于正式的書面語中。鼓勵他們積極參與小組學習活動，發展學生自主學習能力（教育部2003），發現問題及時解決，增強學生合作意識。

Step 7:Explanations

1.虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的省略：在虛擬條件狀語從句中可以省略if，將were，had， should提到句首，變為倒裝句。如：

If Mike were free now,he would go with us. ==>Were Mike free now，he would go with us.

If Mary had studied harder last term,she would have made greater progress.==>Had he studied harder lastterm,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.

If it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the sport meet.==>Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sport meet.

2.含蓄條件句

Without your timely help，I couldn't havefinished my work.

He hesitated；otherwise he would have scored that goal.

【設計意圖】教師進行適當地點撥解釋，幫助學生拓寬語法知識，靈活運用虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法。

Step 8：Practice

Encourage the students to work out the following exercises in groups of four.Hold the belief that I can do it.Get the students to discuss their problems if any.Get all the students involved in group work and express their opinions.

I.Match the beginning of each sentence with the correct ending.

1.I would have waited for her

A.if she saw a snake.

2.Clare would be frightened

B.if he hadn't tripped over.

3.I would have been on time

C.if we had money.

4.Jack would have run first

D.if she had asked.

5.We would buy a bigger house

E.if my mother had woken up.

（2007年普通高中課程標準實驗教科書英語選修6第50頁）

II.Choose the best answer from A，B，C or D.

1.If I_____it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.（杜志建2015，北京卷，34）

A.didn't seeB.weren't seeing

C.Wouldn't seeD.hadn't seen

2.It might have saved me much trouble_____ the schedule.（杜志建2015，江蘇卷，28）

A.did I knowB.have I known

C.do I knowD.had I known

3.Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway _____his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.（杜志建2015，重慶卷，7）

A.Didn't writeB.hadn't written

C.wouldn't write D.wouldn't have written

4.We_____back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.（杜志建2014，北京卷，34）

A.areB.wereC.will beD.would be

5._____no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.（杜志建2014，福建卷，32）

A.Were thereB.Had there been

C.If there areD.If there have been

6.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I_____time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.

（杜志建2012，湖南卷，29）

A.have hadB.had had

C.haveD.had

7.Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she_____there,she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.（杜志建2012，安徽卷，31）

A.livesB.would live C.having askedD.were to live

【設計意圖】通過句子配對和7個高考單選題真題訓練，了解學生對虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法的理解程度，及時發現學生學習中存在的問題，教師進行適當地點撥解釋，使學生學習印象加深，幫助他們拓寬語法知識，增長見識。通過高考題，提醒學生解題技巧，提高答題準確率，使學生明白其實高考題中相關的語法題都是非常基礎的，幫助學生樹立學習信心，相信自己。

Step 9：Sing a song—Never say goodbye sung by Hayley Westenra

If I could take this moment forever

Turn the pages of my mind

To another place and time

We would never say goodbye

If I could find the words I would speak them

Then I wouldn't be tongue tied

【設計意圖】通過這首歌曲復習本節學習的與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法，鼓勵學生在英語歌曲中尋找學習的樂趣，快樂學習，健康成長。

Step 10：Summary

1.Had I really succeeded at anything else,I might never have found the determination to succeedin the one arena where I believe I truly belonged.—J.K.Rowling

2.I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.

—Steve Jobs

【設計意圖】播放兩個小視頻片段，通過J.K.羅琳2008年在哈佛大學畢業典禮上的演講——失敗的好處和想象力的重要性及喬布斯2005年在斯坦福大學畢業演講中的含有虛擬語氣句子的學習，讓學生及時鞏固與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法，組織學生朗讀欣賞這些句子，鼓勵學生在合適的時候做合適的事情，抓住機遇，永不放棄。

Homework：

1.Surf the Internet and look for more poems and songs in which the subjunctive mood is used.

2.Work in groups of four by talking about their wishes and giving their reasons as well,using If I were a...because I would...

【設計意圖】結合單元話題詩歌，讓學生通過詩歌和歌曲表達自己美好的愿望，或回憶自己在學習生活中曾經留下的缺憾，利用本節課所學知識進行口語訓練和寫作訓練。一方面鞏固虛擬語氣的用法，另一方面，及時告訴學生把握今天，面對事實，充分利用時間，過健康快樂充實的生活，做最好的自己。

引用文獻

杜志建.2012.金考卷特快專遞全國各省市高考試題匯編.英語[M].烏魯木齊：新疆青少年出版社.

杜志建.2014.金考卷特快專遞全國各省市高考試題匯編.英語[M].烏魯木齊：新疆青少年出版社.

杜志建.2015.金考卷特快專遞全國各省市高考試題匯編.英語[M].烏魯木齊：新疆青少年出版社.

教育部.2003.普通高中英語課程標準（實驗）[S].北京：人民教育出版社.

劉道義.2007.普通高中課程標準實驗教科書英語選修6[M].北京：人民教育出版社.

朱敏琦.2012.If All the Skies Were Sunshine[J].新東方英語teens，（11）：1.

作者信息：710082，陜西西安，陜西省西安市第一中學