曼努埃爾·阿納瓦隆學校，潘吉普伊，智利

建筑設計：格賓斯建筑師事務所

曼努埃爾·阿納瓦隆學校，潘吉普伊，智利

建筑設計：格賓斯建筑師事務所

這座建筑位于潘吉普伊南部。它試圖為兒童營建一個舒適的環境，同時又滿足成人的尺度，并且與都市景觀相協調。建筑既有當代風格，又在形態和分布上使人聯想起典型的智利南部建筑，它是可持續的、能夠與周圍環境保持關聯的建筑，圍繞地塊形成了必要的教學空間。

地段被劃分為兩個不同分區：

（1） 埃內斯托·平托學校的原始校址。它位于這塊區域的海拔較低部分，在城市中擁有重要的存在感。

（2） 另一分區位于該區域的海拔較高部分，它提供了一個俯瞰城市風景的良好視角。

曾經的入口區域現在由前廳、辦公區和圖書館組成，以改進該建筑在城市中的形象。在這里它仍大致保持原有體量，并距離家長出入口很近。

海拔較高的區域建有全部的典型學校功能設施，它們形成一個1°～8°的基本角度，為小學生提供活動場地。其中包括用于大型活動的停車場、體育館、食堂、教室、工作室、實驗室。

在這片地區頻繁出現的南部建筑風貌以谷倉和南部鄉村民居為主。這些建筑的體量簡潔實用，有明確的尺度，呈線性且集中，可以保護當地居民不受嚴酷天氣的侵擾。這些特征的影響使該建筑成為當代地域建筑的典范。

在智利南部的鄉下，房屋隨意地分布于自然景觀之中成為其主要聚集特征之一。

這座建筑由4組分別具有不同功能的體量組成：入口、教室、體育館以及接待室。各個體量的方向基于景觀的視野、北向的陽光及避免風雨侵襲等原則建立起來。

內部空間也是基于傳統建筑手法來處理的。走廊在可持續性方面發揮作用，它創造出一個可遠望當地景觀的中間地帶，也被學生們作為溫暖舒適的室內庭院使用。走廊也在生態環境方面做出貢獻，通過朝北的窗戶在冬天獲取陽光和溫暖，在夏天引導自然通風。

建筑中使用的材料包括鋼筋混凝土、玻璃，以及在雨季性能優越的厚鍍鋅鋁鋼板。□（辛夢瑤 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects:Pedro Gubbins Foxley, Victor Gubbins Browne

合作者/Collaborators: Daniela Torm, Andres Cea, Pablo Montecinos

承建方/Constructor: Constructora Marín

預算師/Calculist: Mauricio Abella

土地力學/Soil Mechanics: Manuel Ruz

衛生設備/Sanitary Facilities: Patricio Moya

照明電力/Lighting Electricity: Carlos Gana

生物氣候學顧問/Bioclimatic Consultant: Pablo Sills

聲學顧問/Acoustic Consultant: Mario Huaquin

空調/Airconditioning: Osvaldo Bustamante

基地面積/Site Area: 13,960m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 3800m2

材料/Materials: 鋼筋混凝土墻體（首層），鍍鋅波紋鋁板，鋼，玻璃（二層）/Reinforced concrete walls (floor 0), corrugated metal panel structure of zinc painted aluminum, steel, glass(floor 1)

建造時間/Construction Period: 2011-2013

攝影/Photos: Marcos Mendizabal

1 分析圖示/Analysis diagram

2. 3 外景/Exterior views

The building is located in southern Panguipulli. It attempts to create a nice place for the kids, with suitable human and city scale. At once contemporary and reminiscent of forms and compositions typical of the southern Chilean architecture, it is a sustainable building in close contact with its surroundings. Together with other buildings around the terrain, it generated necessary spaces for teaching.

The terrain is divided into two different zones:

1. The original area of Ernesto Pinto's School is situated in the lower zone of the terrain; this zone has a great sense of presence in the city.

2. The other area is located in the upper zone of the terrain; this zone endows the building with a great position to overlook the landscape.

The building's original access area is kept to improve its urban presence. This area contains the entrance hall, the administrative area and the library. It also keeps its original volume and is close to the parental access.

The upper zone accommodates all the typical facilities of a school, which form a venue of 1° to 8° basic degrees for the pupils' activities to take place. This area comprises parking for massive events, a gym, a canteen, classrooms, ateliers and laboratories.

Southern architectural features are found in barns and southern country houses, which are constantly present in the landscapes. Their simple and functional volume, with clearly-defined scale and linear concentration, protect the inhabitants from inclement weather. These characteristics provide clear reference points by which the building is understood as a contemporary example of regional architecture.

One of the main characteristics of rural settlements in southern Chile is the random way they scatter in landscapes.

This project is conceived as a group of four buildings with different programs: an access, classrooms, a gym, and meeting rooms. Volumes are oriented depending on the views, north light, and the need of protection from wind and rain.

The solutions for interior space are also based on traditional architecture. As an expression of sustainable architecture, the corridors not only create intermediate spaces for the appreciation of local landscapes, but also provide the pupils with a warm and cozy indoor courtyard. Furthermore, the galleries serve as a bioclimatic element with northward windows to obtain light and heat in winter and natural ventilation in summer.

The materials used include reinforced concrete, glass, and thick aluminum-zinc coated steel which has great performance in rainy weather.□

4 平面/Plan

5 入口立面/Elevation, entrance

6 入口剖面/Section, entrance

7 走廊縱向剖面/Longitudinal section, gallery

8 走廊橫向剖面/Cross section, gallery

9 走廊縱向剖面/Longitudinal section, gallery

10 走廊橫向剖面/Cross section, gallery

11 體育館剖面/Section, gym

12. 13 立面/Elevation

14 外景，入口/Exterior view, entrance

15 外景/Exterior view

16 夜景/Night view

評論

饒小軍：智利南部的自然環境和氣候條件，孕育出其獨特的地域性建筑類型。在曼努埃爾?阿納瓦隆學校的空間布局中，建筑師顯然沒有背離這種源出自然的空間生成及建造邏輯。他從當地散布的聚落景觀中萃取出建筑的設計法則——因地制宜，隨景賦形，把建筑融于自然，形成了彼此分離而相互關聯的空間組合，并延伸到內部空間的體驗與建構。

李曉峰：這座頗具智利南部典型鄉土建筑特色的小學校園，由4組不同體量的建筑組成，錯落分布于高程不同的兩片相連的城市地塊。明快的黃色窗墻、折形鍍鋅鋼板坡屋面、因地制宜的平面布局，形成了生動活躍的空間界面，塑造出賦有朝氣的校園氛圍。

值得一提的是，小學校址嵌入周邊城市環境之中。沿教學空間布置的寬窄不同的敞廊，通透的豎向帶形窗，不僅創造了觀察城市景觀的多種視角，也是自然天光通過漫反射進入教室的中間地帶，還是引導自然通風的舒適的內庭院。一系列精心處理使得這座校園更具地域性和生態特點。

Comments

RAO Xiaojun: Southern Chile's natural environment and climatic conditions give birth to its architecture of distinctive regional character. In the Manuel Anabalón School's spatial layout, the architect apparently did not deviate from such nature-based logic of spatial evolution and construction. He extracted the architectural design principle from local landscape of scattered settlements – creating forms to local conditions and harmonizing architecture with nature to generate interrelated though separate spatial composition, and extended it further into the experience and construction of interior space. LI Xiaofeng: Characteristic of the southern Chilean vernacular architecture, this school is comprised of four building groups of various volumes, scattered in two neighboring urban lots with different altitudes. Floor plans laid out to local conditions, together with bright yellow walls and zigzagging galvanized steel slope-roofs, generate vivid spatial interfaces and create a vibrant campus atmosphere.

It is worth mentioning that the site of the school is embedded in its urban setting. The open corridors with changing widths along the teaching space and the transparent vertical window bands not only create multiple perspectives of urbanscape, but also function as an intermediate zone through which the diffused natural light enters the classrooms, as well as a comfortable courtyard for natural ventilation. A series of careful dispositions have enhanced the school's regional and ecological characters.

Manuel Anabalon School, Panguipulli, Chile, 2013

Architects: Gubbins Arquitectos

17-19 內景/Interior views