關于《城市設計》

刊首語 EDITOR’S NOTES

關于《城市設計》

About the Journal of Urban Design

1 為什么創辦《城市設計》期刊

2011年，國務院學位委員會頒布了新一輪的學科目錄，調整后的建筑學一級學科下設城市設計及其理論方向，開啟了城市設計領域發展的新篇章。2012年，黨的十八大提出了建設“美麗中國”的發展目標。中國城市發展的重點已經由規模和數量的增加，轉變為品質和質量的提升。對城市空間品質的關注和探索成為當代中國城市和建筑發展的重要議題。今天，城市設計已經成為國家住房和城鄉建設部一項重要的工作。

城市設計注重整體城市空間品質的提升，強調設計的整體性，體現設計因時、因地、因人而異的特性，以追求和而不同的人居藝境①為目標。改革開放30多年來，中國城市建設創造了高速度、大規模發展的奇跡。諸多城市設計項目在短時間內涌現，極大地推動了城市設計在中國的普及。吳良鏞先生提出的人居科學學科群為建筑學、城鄉規劃學、風景園林學搭建了三位一體的學科發展架構。這為城市設計學科提供了更為宏觀、更為清晰的交叉學科定位。作為建筑學學科的主要方向，城市設計可以成為建筑學、城鄉規劃學、風景園林學以及設計學等學科中設計理論研究和創作實踐的共同平臺。

20世紀50年代，西方出現了現代意義上的城市設計概念。至今，城市設計已經形成了獨立的、具有明確邊界的學科領域。同時，城市設計學科屬于“設計”范疇，并具有交叉學科的特點。在世界范圍內，大部分建筑院校都由建筑系來設置城市設計學科，有的也設置獨立的城市設計系或研究生培養專業方向。當前中國城市設計學科的發展盡管處于起步階段，但不少建筑院校已經設置了城市設計研究方向，并培養了一批從事城市設計相關研究和實踐的建筑師及規劃師。

今天，中國城市建設的階段性和特殊性要求探索建立符合自身城市發展階段的城市設計理論體系。這既是迫在眉睫的任務，也是一項長期的、可持續的課題。目前，中國建筑界尚沒有專門針對城市設計領域的理論研究和學術交流平臺，這與當今中國城市發展的需求不同步。

《城市設計》期刊的創辦，將聚焦當下國內外城市設計的熱點和主題，匯聚中國和世界城市設計領域的專家和學者，集思廣益，共同推動當今城市設計理論和實踐的發展，為建立中國城市設計理論體系添磚加瓦。

2 中國的《城市設計》期刊

目前，我國城市設計理論的探討和研究總體上處于大發展時期，理論體系尚處于建設階段，相關學術研究亟需專門的交流平臺。在西方國家，經過半個多世紀的發展，已經構筑了系統的城市設計理論體系。城市設計領域也出版了若干專門的學術書刊及電子刊物②，主要內容均直接聚焦于城市設計領域的學術導向和熱點問題。但是，這些學術研究主要針對的是西方國家出現的城市設計問題。人類城市的發展中有一些規律具有普遍性。在這方面，西方城市設計理論和方法對中國城市建設具有很大的啟發和借鑒價值。然而，中國城市發展也有其自身的規律。借鑒西方成功經驗的同時，找尋中國城市設計發展的特色規律，是一項需要探索的、長期而艱巨的課題。

中國過去30年的城市大發展為中國城市設計的學術研究提供了豐厚的實踐基礎和理論探索機遇。《城市設計》期刊的宗旨是立足理論前沿、放眼全球議題、聚焦中國發展，提倡批判性地回溯西方的城市設計理論和思潮的變遷，創造性地吸收中國古代城市設計的精華，開拓性地探索當代中國城市設計的理論和方法。《城市設計》期刊的主要欄目包括城市設計的理論、評論、方法、設計以及專欄等，突出前沿理論和方法探索，關注中國城市設計理論和實踐。

作為中國城市設計領域的第一種連續型出版物，《城市設計》期刊兼具前沿性與探索性、理論性與實踐性，通過邀請國際、國內著名學者撰文，追蹤前沿問題，呈現權威解讀。《城市設計》期刊主要面向中國建筑與城市設計領域的學者和學生，以及廣大的建筑師和規劃師、景觀師等，主體采用中文、輔以英文的方式搭建國際交流平臺。

3 《城市設計》期刊第1期組稿

兩院院士吳良鏞先生出任《城市設計》期刊顧問，并親筆題寫了“城市設計”期刊名。這既是對《城市設計》期刊寄予的殷切期望，也是對中國城市設計領域發展的大力支持。《城市設計》能夠順利出版發行，是與國內外同行的鼎力支持分不開的。眾多專家學者接受邀請，擔任《城市設計》期刊編委，這無疑是《城市設計》期刊持續發展的有力支撐和品質保障。

令人欣喜的是，來自國內外的作者積極參與《城市設計》期刊第1期的稿件撰寫。他們提供的高水平稿件為《城市設計》的創辦和發展打下了堅實的基礎。

《城市設計》第1期第一篇文章《邁向“零碳”校園》是本期的特約專欄。這是由德國柏林工業大學克勞斯·崔里希（Klaus Zillich）教授等發起并開展的一項“泛歐洲可持續校園聯盟研究”。其特點體現在，一是前沿性和實踐性并重，將減少碳排放這一迫切議題與大學校園建設緊密結合；二是在研究方法上，整合建筑學和工程技術等領域，搭建多學科交叉的研究平臺；三是以整個歐洲不同國家的大學校園為研究對象，匯聚幾十位不同專業領域的專家學者，體現了研究課題所具有的開闊視野和普遍價值。特約專欄由8篇緊密相關的論文組成，首次展示了該課題第一階段的研究成果。柏林工業大學和清華大學建筑學院有著多年的教學和學術合作交流，此次特約專欄體現了崔里希教授及柏林工業大學對《城市設計》期刊創刊的大力支持。在此，表示誠摯的謝意！

國際國內知名專家為《城市設計》期刊第1期提供了不同視角、不同主題的學術論文。他們是：德國著名建筑師、建筑教育家托馬斯·赫爾佐格（Tomas Herzog）教授，意大利都靈理工大學米凱利·博尼諾（Michele Bonino）教授，西安交通利物浦大學皮埃爾·艾蘭·克羅賽特（Pierre-Alain Croset）教授，以色列建筑師妮莉·波圖加里（Nili Portugali），南京大學建筑與城市規劃學院院長丁沃沃教授，北京市城市規劃設計研究院施衛良院長，沈陽建筑大學建筑與規劃學院院長張伶伶教授，中國城市規劃設計研究院鄧東所長。他們的文章展現出對當代世界和中國城市問題的關注以及對中國城市設計理論和方法的積極探索。此外，林波榮、張凌云、楊滔、鄭曉笛、陳瑾羲、孫昊德等翻譯了部分英文稿件；劉志強為期刊網站建設付出了努力。在此感謝他們的大力支持。

4 《城市設計》期刊第1期出版

還要提到的是《城市設計》期刊緣起和形成過程。20世紀80年代，我師從吳良鏞先生，攻讀碩士和博士學位，開始進入城市設計領域，并從文化視角研究城市空間，完成了博士論文。同名專著《空間·符號·城市——一種城市設計理論》于1993年出版，1995年臺北出版繁體字版，2010年再版。任教20多年來，我一直從事城市設計理論研究、課程教學和創作實踐，在中西方城市空間原型研究、城市弱勢空間研究等方面取得了階段性研究成果。我指導碩士研究生開展了20年的北京城市弱勢空間研究，指導博士研究生進行了近15年的北京城市空間研究。作為國務院學位委員會建筑學學科評議組共同召集人，我有機會主持起草了2011年版建筑學學科簡介。通過全面梳理建筑學學科，我從學科發展角度，對城市設計領域有了更為明確的認識。2013年2月，清華大學建筑學院成立城市設計研究所，我擔任城市設計研究所所長。在清華大學建筑學院莊惟敏院長、邊蘭春書記以及清華大學出版社張占奎主任的大力支持下，由國際國內知名專家、學者撰文的《城市設計》文集于2014年12月出版，得到了業界的高度評價。

2015年1月，《城市設計》期刊的申請工作正式啟動。在清華大學時任校長陳吉寧教授、陳旭書記和邱勇校長的直接支持下，在清華大學出版社及期刊中心的積極推動下，2015年8月，由教育部主管、清華大學主辦、清華大學出版社出版的《城市設計》期刊正式獲得批準創刊。期刊聘請吳良鏞教授擔任顧問，并聘請7位常務編委，成立了由61名專家學者組成的編委會，為出版高水平、高質量的專業期刊奠定了堅實的基礎。《城市設計》期刊由我擔任主編，楊滔擔任副主編；張占奎擔任出版顧問；設置在清華大學建筑學院的《城市設計》編輯部負責組稿、審稿工作，趙建彤任編輯部主任；清華大學出版社期刊中心孫怡銘任出版編輯。經過數月的努力，創刊號終于在2015年10月出版發行。同時，《城市設計》期刊網站同步上線，網址為：http://urbandesign. tsinghuajournals.com。

《城市設計》的創刊填補了中國城市設計領域專業期刊的空白。希望本刊的出版能夠為搭建中國城市設計理論和實踐的學術交流平臺出一份力。

朱文一《城市設計》主編2015年10月19日

ENGLISH TEXTS

1 Why to Establish the Journal of Urban Design In 2011, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council issued a new version of academic disciplines, in which architecture, as the first-level discipline, was adjusted to comprise a new subdisciple of urban design and theory. This paves a new road for developing urban design in China. In 2012, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed a development plan of building a beautiful China. The priority of China’s city development has been changed from an increase in scale and quantity to an improvement in quality and amenity. To focus on and explore spatial quality in cities is becoming a key theme in the contemporary Chinese urban and architectural development. Today, urban design has become a key task of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China.

Urban design emphasizes the enhancement of quality in urban spaces, as well as the wholeness generated in design processes, and this is embodied with the changing features regarding timing, location and designer/user. Thus, the artistic realms of human settlements①, in which a state of harmony but not conformity is achieved, will be pursued. During the 30+ years of reform and opening-up, a miracle of large-scale and rapid development had been achieved in China. A huge number of urban design projects had been completed in a short period of time, and in this way, the idea of urban design had been widely disseminated across China. In this context, Professor WU Liangyong has developed an integrated discipline group of human settlement, comprising architecture, urban-rural planning and landscape architecture, and this offers a way of helping urban design —— as a discipline —— find its own position regarding a more strategic and sound framework for interdisciplinary practice. To some extent, urban design can be thought as a shared platform for theoretical research and innovative practice in the fields of architecture, urban-rural planning, landscape architecture as well as design. The term of urban design —— in the modern sense—— was coined in the West in the 1950s. Until now, it has become an independent and well-defined subject, which is in principle categorized intothe field of design, but with an interdisciplinary nature. In the world, most architecture schools have set up urban design course in the department of architecture, and even some have established the department of urban design or the related programme for graduate students. In spite of the fact that urban design as a subject in China is still at an initial stage, a small number of architecture schools have established various research programmes for urban design and have nurtured a group of architects and planners working on urban design.

Nowadays a theoretical system of urban design, consistent with China’s city development, should be explored and established, due to the specific nature of urban construction at China’s present stage of development. This is not only an urgent task, but also a long-term and robust project. However, in China, there is not a platform for exchanging theoretical and academic ideas regarding urban design in the field of architecture, and this cannot satisfy the needs of Chinese urban development.

In the above contexts, the launch of the journal of Urban Design, focusing the attention on hot topics and themes about urban design across the world and pooling the ideas of scholars and experts in the field of urban design, aims to advance the development of urban design theory and methodology, and to assist in contributing to the Chinese city design theories.

2 The Journal of Urban Design in China

In general, an exploration on urban design theories in China is taking off in a big way, but an inventory of the theories is still under developed. Therefore, it is urgent to set up an exchange platform for the researches relating to urban design. For the western countries, a synthesis of urban design theories, with half a century relentless pursue, has been made, and meanwhile, various academic journals and e-journals on urban design have been published to concentrate on academic movements and hot topics.①However, all of these academic studies in the main investigate the issues facing the western countries, which have cast strong light on Chinese urban development due to the fact that some common rules and/or laws can be found in the evolvement of human settlements all over the world. And however, Chinese cities have also their own orders and laws. As a result, besides borrowing successful experiences in the western cities, it is necessary to investigate the specific mechanisms associated with the Chinese cities, and this is a long-term, formidable and explorable work. In China, the past 30-year of large-scale development provided us a powerhouse of professional practice and an opportunity of theoretical exploration. The journal of Urban Design, grounded on cutting-edge theories, both keeps the whole world in the view and focuses on Chinese development. It seeks to explore much further for hot issues about urban design across the world in a more systematic way, and meanwhile, it strives to encourage theoretical and critical thinking as well as professional practice in China. The journal of Urban Design comprises the sections of theory, review, method, design and specific column, which gives the priority to innovative theories and methods and meanwhile focuses on urban design practices in China.

As the first periodic publication on urban design in China, the journal of Urban Design combines advanced researches with explorative tests, and reconciles theoretical accuracy and readability. By inviting famous scholars in China and overseas to write articles and news, the journal of Urban Design discovers hot issues and reports classic interpretations. In principle, the journal of Urban Design is intended for the Chinese scholars and students who are engaged in the fields of architecture and urban design as well as architects, planners and landscape architects, but meanwhile aims at international readers by publishing some articles in English as well. Therefore, this journal aims to offer an international exchange platform focusing on urban design.

3 Manuscript Collations for the First Issue of Urban Design

Professor WU Liangyong, a member of both Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, serves as the advisor of the journal of Urban Design and wrote the Chinese calligraphy of “Urban Design” on the cover. It is not only an ardent expectation he has placed on this journal, but also a full support he has provided to the development of urban design in China. And the journal of Urban Design cannot be successfully published without the serious and generous supports from Chinese and overseas scholars. Various Chinese scholars have kindly accepted invitation to serve as editorial board member, which of course ensures continuable development and high quality this journal pursues.

And gladly, a group of Chinese and overseas authors actively offered their high-quality articles to the first issue, which have laid a solid foundation for launching and advancing the journal of Urban Design.

The first article, Towards a Carbon Free Campus, written by Professor Klaus Zillich and his colleagues for the Guest Column of the first issue, introduced a research project of a Pan-European Campus Network led by the Technische Universit?t Berlin. This article demonstrated three points. First, it incorporated carbon emission reduction task as an urgent theme into university campus construction, and therefore gave the priority to both the cuttingedge researches and practices. Second, from a point of view of research methodology, it established an interdisciplinary research platform to integrate architecture and engineering as well as other subjects. Third, it studied university campuses selected from different countries across the whole Europe and gathered dozens of scholars specified in different disciplines, and in this way the project offered a broad view of campus design with universal insight. The article for the Guest Column is essentially composed of eight related reports that showed the first stage results produced by the research project. In fact, the Technische Universit?t Berlin and School of Architecture School, Tsinghua University have decades of collaboration and exchange in education and research. The Guest Column expresses full support to the journal of Urban Design by Professor Zillich, his colleagues and the Technische Universit?t Berlin. My warmest acknowledgements and deep thanks are due to their contributions.

The famous Chinese and overseas scholars provided the journal of Urban Design with various academic articles from the different perspectives. They are Professor Tomas Herzog, famous German architect and educator, Professor Michele Bonino at Politecnico di Torino of Italy, Professor Pierre-Alain Croset at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Nili Portugali at Bezalel Academy of Art and Design of Israel, as well as Professor DING Wowo, the Dean of School of Architecture and Urban Planning ofNanjing University; SHI Weiliang, the President of Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design; Professor ZHANG Lingling, the Dean of School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Shenyang Jianzhu University; Director DENG Dong, China Academy of Urban Planning & Design. Their articles have demonstrated the increasing focus on contemporary city issues across the world and in China, as well as the active exploration on the urban design theories and practices in China. In addition, English articles were translated by LIN Borong, ZHANG Lingyun, YANG Tao, ZHENG Xiaodi, CHEN Jinxi and SUN Haode, and the website of this journal was contributed by LIU Zhiqiang. My sincere acknowledgements and cordial thanks are also due to them for their strong supports.

4 Publication for the First Issue of Urban Design

The original idea and the steering procedure of Urban Design are further explained here. I started to enter the field of urban design, when I, supervised by Professor WU Liangyong, studied the master and PhD courses in the 1980s. And meanwhile, I had conducted various researches on urban space from the point of view of culture, and had completed the PhD dissertation with a title of Space · Symbol · City: A Theory of Urban Design, which had been published in 1993, 1995 (in traditional Chinese at Taipei) and 2010. During the 20-year work at Tsinghua University, I have been extensively involved in research projects, curriculum designs and professional practices regarding urban design, and have made the staged achievements on the prototype of Sino-Western urban space and the disadvantaged spaces in cities. I have tutored postgraduate students to investigate the disadvantaged spaces in the contemporary Beijing for 20 years, and meanwhile have supervised PhD students to study urban space of Beijing for 15 years. As the cocaller of Architecture Panel of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, I presided over drafting an introduction of architecture as a discipline in 2011. By giving a full review of architecture as a field, I have achieved a better understanding of urban design from a perspective of subject development. In February 2013, Urban Design Institute has been founded by School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, and I have been appointed to be the director. With strong supports by Dean/Professor ZHUANG Weimin and Chair/Professor BIAN Lanchun of the School of Architecture at Tsinghua University, as well as Director ZHANG Zhankui of Tsinghua University Press, Urban Design —— a collection of articles contributed by famous scholars across the world —— was published in December 2014 and warmly appreciated by the colleagues and architectural industry.

In January 2015, the application procedure of the journal of Urban Design was formally initiated. With the direct support by former President CHEN Jining, Chairwoman CHEN Xu of the University Council, and President QIU Yong, as well as the promotion by Tsinghua University Press and the Journal Publishing Centre, the establishment of the journal of Urban Design —— supervised by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, sponsored by Tsinghua University, and published by Tsinghua University Press —— was officially approved in August 2015. The editorial board was then founded. Professor WU Liangyong has been invited to be the advisor of the editorial board composed of 7 standing members and 61 members, which offers a solid ground for publishing highquality professional journal. ZHANG Zhankui has been appointed as the publishing consultant of the Journal; Professor ZHU Wenyi appointed as editorin-chief, and YANG Tao as deputy editor-in-chief; ZHAO Jiantong as director of editorial office ——responsible for peer review and editing —— founded in School of Architecture, Tsinghua University; and SUN Yiming as publishing editor. After hard work conducted in the past several months, the first issue will be published in October 2015; and meanwhile, the website of the journal of Urban Design will be simultaneously announced on-line with the address of http://urbandesign.tsinghuajournals.com.

The establishment of the journal of Urban Design has made a pioneer work in the field of the publication on urban design in China. Wishing the Journal will make a solid contribution to building an academic exchange platform for Chinese urban design theories and practices.

ZHU Wenyi

Editor-in-chief of Urban Design

October 19, 2015

Translated by YANG Tao

注釋

Notes

① 2014年8月29日至9月9日，“人居藝境——吳良鏞繪畫、書法、建筑藝術展”在中國美術館展出，吳良鏞先生為此展特別創作巨幅榜書《人居藝境》。閻彤. 中國美術館展建筑大師吳良鏞作品[N]. 北京晚報, 2014-08-31(10).

From 29th August to 9th September in 2014, The Artistic Realms of Human Settlement, Drawing, Calligraphy and Architecture Works by WU Liangyong, were exhibited in the National Art Museum of China. For this, Professor WU has written a huge scale of Chinese calligraphy of The Artistic Realms of Human Settlement. YAN Tong. Architecture Exhibition in the National Art Museum of China: The Works by Master WU Liangyong [N]. Beijing Evening, 2014-08-31(10).

② 根據美國哈佛大學、麻省理工學院和英國倫敦大學學院圖書館及其他開放網站的檢索，目前西方國家由大學創辦、以城市設計為標題、專門發表城市設計領域文章和作品的期刊共有6種，分別是：《城市設計期刊》(The Journal of Urban Design)、《國際城市設計》(Urban Design International)、《城市設計與規劃》(Urban Design & Planning)、《城市設計季刊》(Urban Design Quarterly)、《城市設計指南》(Urban Design Directory)和《城市設計機構》(Institute for Urban Design)。經考察，《城市設計期刊》《國際城市設計》《城市設計與規劃》3種屬于傳統型的學術刊物，特別是前兩種側重于理論研究，是國際城市設計理論界引用度最高的刊物；《城市設計季刊》《城市設計指南》《城市設計機構》3種屬于網絡型刊物，可在網絡上公開獲得，偏向于工程介紹和評價，并推介城市設計教育和培訓。

According to the on-line searching at the libraries at Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University College London as well as the other open-access-website, there exist six journals– established by universities – whose titles include the words of “urban design”, with aims of disseminating articles and practice works about urban design and focusing on academic orientation and hot issues. They are The Journal of Urban Design, Urban Design International, Urban Design & Planning, Urban Design Quarterly, Urban Design Directory, and Institute for Urban Design. The first three are classic and academic journals, and in particular, The Journal of Urban Design and Urban Design International, more focusing on theoretical studies, are most frequently quoted in the field of urban design. The last three are the online magazines and publicly accessed. They more concentrate on project introduction and review, as well as introduction programme of urban design education and training.