許軍陽 毛新嵐 周傳恩 何夢璋 艾 艷 謝建紅 江鳳霞 呂簡承
(珠海市婦幼保健院呼吸科,珠海519000)
輕度急性發(fā)作期和緩解期哮喘患者氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12與肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)的相關(guān)性分析①
許軍陽毛新嵐周傳恩何夢璋②艾艷謝建紅③江鳳霞③呂簡承③
(珠海市婦幼保健院呼吸科,珠海519000)
①本文為國家自然科學(xué)基金(81370125)、珠海市科學(xué)技術(shù)項(xiàng)目(2012058)。
②廣州呼吸疾病研究所,廣州510120。
③珠海市婦幼保健院遺傳病研究所,珠海519000。
[摘要]目的:通過分析不同時期哮喘患者氣道巨噬細(xì)胞基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶12(MMP12)的表達(dá)與肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)的相關(guān)性,探討MMP12和P物質(zhì)在哮喘發(fā)病機(jī)制中的作用。方法:選取臨床緩解期(緩解期哮喘組)和輕度急性發(fā)作期哮喘患者(輕度發(fā)作期哮喘組)及健康體檢者(健康對照組)各20名,肺功能測定后進(jìn)行痰巨噬細(xì)胞計數(shù),用實(shí)時熒光定量PCR和Westen blot檢測氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12表達(dá),用酶免疫測定法測定痰P物質(zhì)。結(jié)果:(1)與健康對照組比較,各組哮喘患者FEV1和PEF50明顯降低,痰巨噬細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯升高。與緩解期哮喘組相比,輕度急性發(fā)作期組患者FEV1和PEF50明顯降低;(2)各組哮喘患者氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12 表達(dá)水平和P物質(zhì)濃度明顯高于健康對照組。輕度急性發(fā)作期患者M(jìn)MP12和P物質(zhì)濃度高于緩解期哮喘組患者;(3)各組哮喘患者M(jìn)MP12 mRNA表達(dá)量與P物質(zhì)的變化和誘導(dǎo)痰巨噬細(xì)胞呈正相關(guān),與FEV1和PEF50的變化呈負(fù)相關(guān)。結(jié)論:巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12和肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)的調(diào)控失衡參與哮喘的發(fā)病機(jī)制,可能成為哮喘治療的新靶點(diǎn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]哮喘;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶12;巨噬細(xì)胞;P物質(zhì)
支氣管哮喘(簡稱哮喘)氣道重塑的發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重影響患者的臨床療效,使部分患者未能達(dá)到臨床控制[1]。基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶12(MMP12)對哮喘氣道重塑的發(fā)生和發(fā)展起著關(guān)鍵作用,而哮喘所產(chǎn)生的炎癥反應(yīng)影響MMP12的代謝[2,3]。軸突反射機(jī)制學(xué)說認(rèn)為,哮喘的慢性炎癥可使肺C類神經(jīng)纖維末梢暴露,P物質(zhì)明顯升高,引起支氣管平滑肌收縮和氣道高反應(yīng)性,并協(xié)同哮喘炎癥反應(yīng)的發(fā)展[4,5]。肺源性P物質(zhì)是否參與哮喘患者氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12的代謝,目前國內(nèi)外鮮見相關(guān)報道。本研究通過觀察各期哮喘患者及健康對照者巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12、痰P物質(zhì)、誘導(dǎo)痰巨噬細(xì)胞和肺功能的變化,分析MMP12的表達(dá)與P物質(zhì)變化的關(guān)系,為哮喘發(fā)病機(jī)制及治療的深入研究提供新的候選標(biāo)志物。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象按中華醫(yī)學(xué)會呼吸病學(xué)分會2008年制訂的哮喘診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6],選擇2013年3月至2014年12月就診于我院門診的臨床緩解期哮喘患者(緩解期哮喘組)、輕度急性發(fā)作期哮喘患者(輕度發(fā)作期哮喘組)各20例。受試前24 h 停用β2 受體激動劑,均獲得知情同意。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)近4周內(nèi)使用過全身糖皮質(zhì)激素治療者,近1周內(nèi)使用過抗組胺制劑、茶堿;(2)近4周內(nèi)有呼吸道感染者;(3)妊娠、哺乳、合并慢性心、肺、肝、腎疾病;(4)吸煙者。另選我院同期健康體檢者20名作為健康對照組。
1.2方法
1.2.1誘導(dǎo)痰細(xì)胞分類檢測各哮喘組患者和健康對照者在痰誘導(dǎo)前均行FEV1和PEF50測定,誘導(dǎo)痰依據(jù)Pavord等建立的方法進(jìn)行[7]。有核細(xì)胞計數(shù)及分類后,剩余的細(xì)胞懸液離心后進(jìn)行下述巨噬細(xì)胞分離。
1.2.2氣道巨噬細(xì)胞分離每107細(xì)胞數(shù)加入80 μl的分選緩沖液(MACS公司提供)和20 μl CD11b細(xì)胞免疫磁珠在細(xì)胞沉渣中進(jìn)行重懸和磁珠標(biāo)記,混勻后4℃培養(yǎng)15 min,按每107細(xì)胞數(shù)再加入1L的分選緩沖液,離心1 500 r/min×10 min,分離上清液,用500 μl 的分選緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,將MS柱放入miniMACS磁分離器的磁場中,將細(xì)胞懸液加入柱子內(nèi),收集柱子內(nèi)的細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞計數(shù)分析巨噬細(xì)胞純度在95%以上[8]。
1.2.3實(shí)時熒光定量PCR測定MMP12 mRNA取0.5×106氣道巨噬細(xì)胞采用Trizol試劑提取細(xì)胞總RNA,并逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。熒光PCR引物用美國ABI公司Primer Express軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計,試劑采用ABI公司的TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix試劑盒,MMP12和GAPDH引物由ABI公司合成。目的基因與內(nèi)參基因(GAPDH)在相同反應(yīng)條件下嚴(yán)格按ABI公司試劑盒的操作說明書進(jìn)行。將cDNA按1∶5 稀釋,各取2 μl進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增。記錄每個反應(yīng)管中的熒光信號到達(dá)所設(shè)定的域值時所經(jīng)歷的循環(huán)數(shù),即Ct值。每次反應(yīng)均做3個復(fù)孔,Ct值取其均值。ΔCt (循環(huán)數(shù))=Ct目的基因-Ct內(nèi)參基因,采用2-ΔCt方法計算轉(zhuǎn)錄水平差異。
1.2.4Western blot分析MMP12蛋白的表達(dá)取氣道巨噬細(xì)胞加入細(xì)胞裂解液60 μl,放置冰上裂解30 min,混勻,4℃ 12 000 r/min×10 min,取上清液-70℃保存待檢。BCA法測定各蛋白質(zhì)濃度。20 μg樣品用12% SDS-PAGE分離蛋白質(zhì)并電轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上,5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h后加入稀釋度為1∶200的羊多克隆MMP12抗體(Santa Cruz)4℃過夜,以HRP標(biāo)記的二抗1∶3 000,室溫孵育2 h,ECL發(fā)光顯色后X光膠片曝光。相同條件下重復(fù)3次實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2.5酶免疫測定法測定P物質(zhì)使用Cayman Chemical公司的EIA試劑盒。痰上清液P物質(zhì)濃度的檢測按照試劑盒的說明書進(jìn)行操作,相同條件下重復(fù)3次實(shí)驗(yàn),在420 nm處讀取吸光度值[8]。
2結(jié)果
2.1 一般情況表1可見,與健康對照組相比,各組哮喘患者FEV1、PEF50顯著降低(P<0.01),誘導(dǎo)痰中巨噬細(xì)胞%顯著增加(P<0.01);輕度發(fā)作期哮喘組FEV1和PEF50顯著低于緩解期哮喘組(P<0.05)。
2.2各組氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12表達(dá)和P物質(zhì)的變化圖1A、B可見,與健康對照組相比,各組哮喘患者痰巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12活性蛋白表達(dá)明顯增強(qiáng),MMP12 mRNA的表達(dá)量和P物質(zhì)濃度明顯增加(P<0.01);與緩解期哮喘組相比,輕度發(fā)作期哮喘組患者M(jìn)MP12活性蛋白的表達(dá)上調(diào)更明顯,MMP12 mRNA的表達(dá)量和P物質(zhì)濃度進(jìn)一步升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。
2.3哮喘各組氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12 mRNA表達(dá)量與P物質(zhì)、誘導(dǎo)痰巨噬細(xì)胞%、FEV1或PEF50變化的相關(guān)性分析表2可見,緩解期和輕度發(fā)作期哮喘組痰巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12 mRNA的表達(dá)量與誘導(dǎo)痰P物質(zhì)和巨噬細(xì)胞%的變化均存在正相關(guān)(P<0.01),而與FEV1和PEF50的變化存在負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.01)。緩解期和輕度發(fā)作期哮喘組誘導(dǎo)痰中P物質(zhì)的水平與痰巨噬細(xì)胞%的變化呈正相關(guān)(P<0.01),相關(guān)性系數(shù)分別為0.86和0.95。
表2哮喘各組MMP12與P物質(zhì)、巨噬細(xì)胞、FEV1和PEF50相關(guān)性
Tab.2Correlation of MMP12 between substance P,macrophages,FEV1and PEF50 in different astn-matic groups
3討論
哮喘是氣道慢性炎癥反復(fù)發(fā)作導(dǎo)致氣道結(jié)構(gòu)的繼發(fā)性改變(即氣道重塑),其中細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)在氣道壁沉積過多引起氣道壁纖維化,是造成重塑主要原因之一。多種基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)參與降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),其中MMP12在氣道重塑的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程中起著關(guān)鍵作用[9]。MMP12為彈性蛋白酶,主要由肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞合成和分泌,能降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)包括彈力纖維、膠原等,參與哮喘的氣道重塑[10]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,哮喘患者氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12不僅基因的表達(dá)增強(qiáng),同時其蛋白也被明顯上調(diào),而且急性發(fā)作期哮喘患者氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12基因和蛋白的表達(dá)進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。結(jié)合各組哮喘患者M(jìn)MP12的增加與痰巨噬細(xì)胞的增多呈正相關(guān),而與FEV1和PEF50的改變呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示隨著哮喘肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞數(shù)量的增多,哮喘患者,尤其是急性期哮喘患者巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12的合成也增加,被上調(diào)的MMP12通過降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)進(jìn)一步加速氣道重塑,導(dǎo)致氣道彈性減弱,氣流受限。因此有必要研究氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12的調(diào)控機(jī)制。氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12的表達(dá)與哮喘肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)的變化相關(guān)。肺C類神經(jīng)纖維廣泛分布在氣管、支氣管和肺泡,可分泌多種神經(jīng)肽,如P物質(zhì)。哮喘氣道的炎癥反應(yīng)刺激肺C類神經(jīng)纖維加速P物質(zhì)的分泌,引起氣道高反應(yīng)性、導(dǎo)致支氣管平滑肌收縮、促進(jìn)黏液分泌及黏液栓的形成等,加重氣道阻塞[8,11]。本組研究表明,哮喘患者誘導(dǎo)痰P物質(zhì)的濃度增加,與既往文獻(xiàn)的研究結(jié)果相一致[12],且急性發(fā)作期哮喘患者P物質(zhì)的含量較臨床緩解期增多更明顯,說明肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)在哮喘的發(fā)病和發(fā)展過程中起著重要作用。盡管軸突反射機(jī)制學(xué)說認(rèn)為,哮喘的慢性炎癥刺激肺C類神經(jīng)纖維分泌過多的P物質(zhì),并協(xié)同哮喘的炎癥反應(yīng)[13],但不清楚該神經(jīng)肽是否刺激氣道巨噬細(xì)胞,導(dǎo)致MMP12的合成增加。本研究結(jié)果顯示:(1)哮喘患者肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)含量增加的同時,誘導(dǎo)痰巨噬細(xì)胞數(shù)也增多,兩者呈正相關(guān);(2)隨著哮喘患者肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)含量的增加,氣道巨噬細(xì)胞MMP12基因的表達(dá)也上調(diào),兩者呈正相關(guān)。結(jié)合哮喘患者M(jìn)MP12的增加與肺功能各指標(biāo)的改變呈負(fù)相關(guān),推測哮喘患者肺C類神經(jīng)纖維釋放過多的P物質(zhì)可能通過激活氣道巨噬細(xì)胞,加速M(fèi)MP12的合成和分泌,導(dǎo)致氣道彈性減弱和氣道阻塞。
綜上所述,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)哮喘患者肺神經(jīng)源性P物質(zhì)可能通過刺激肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞,增加MMP12的合成,導(dǎo)致通氣功能障礙,氣流受限,將為哮喘發(fā)病機(jī)制及臨床治療的深入研究提供新的候選標(biāo)志物。
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[收稿2015-06-17修回2015-07-10]
(編輯倪鵬)
Correlation between MMP12 expression in airway macrophages and pulmonary neurogenic substance P in asthmatic patients
XUJun-Yang,MAOXin-Lan,ZHOUChuan-En,HEMeng-Zhang,AIYan,XIEJian-Hong,JIANGFeng-Xia,LüJian-Cheng.RespiratoryMedicine,ZhuhaiMaternityandChildHealthHospital,Zhuhai519000,China
[Abstract]Objective:To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) in airway macrophages and pulmonary neurogenic substance P (SP) in the pathogenesis of asthma by analyzing their relationship in different categories of asthmatic patients.Methods: Twenty patients of asthma remission phase (remission asthma group),twenty ones of mild acute exacerbation asthma (mild asthma group) and twenty healthy adults (normal control group) were included,respectively.After lung function was measured,the numbers of macrophage in induced sputum were counted.The expression levels of MMP12 mRNA and protein in sputum macrophages were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The concentration of sputum SP was assayed by enzyme immunometric assay. Results: (1) Compared with the subjects in normal control group,forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow rates at 50% of the forced vital capacity % predicted (FEF50) were much lower and the numbers of sputum macrophages were much higher in the patients in different asthmatic groups.Compared with the patients in remission asthma group,FEV1and FEF50 were much lower in the ones in mild asthma group.(2) MMP12 expressions in the macrophages and the concentrations of SP in sputum were significantly increased in the patients in different asthmatic groups compared with those in normal control group;Furthermore,MMP12 and SP in mild asthma group were much higher than in remission asthma.(3) In all patients from different asthmatic groups,mRNA expressions of MMP12 in the macrophages were positively correlated with the levels of sputum SP or the numbers of sputum macrophages,whereas negative correlations between mRNA expressions of MMP12 and FEV1or FEF50 were observed.Conclusion: The regulatory imbalance of macrophages′ MMP12 and pulmonary neurogic SP may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma and become the potential targets for asthma therapy.
[Key words]Asthma;Matrix metalloproteinase 12;Macrophage;Substance P
作者簡介:許軍陽(1961年-),男,碩士,主任醫(yī)師,主要從事呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病診治研究,E-mail:junyangxu04@yahoo.com。
中圖分類號R562.25
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼A
文章編號1000-484X(2016)02-0247-04