王志勇,鄧國孫
上海新華醫(yī)院崇明分院消化科,上海 202150
脂肪肝患者腹部手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及一級(jí)親屬癌癥的發(fā)病率研究
王志勇,鄧國孫
上海新華醫(yī)院崇明分院消化科,上海 202150
目的 探討脂肪肝患者進(jìn)行腹部手術(shù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及患者一級(jí)親屬癌癥的發(fā)病率。方法 對(duì)70例非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者,80例已被證實(shí)的丙型肝炎患者(其中40例脂肪肝,40例為非脂肪肝),35例炎癥性腸病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)患者及70例消化不良患者進(jìn)行評(píng)估。結(jié)果 各個(gè)分組中,患者的性別、年齡及婚姻狀況差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(除IBD患者的年齡較其他各組偏小)。其中IBD患者親屬癌癥發(fā)病率為19.2%,消化不良發(fā)病率為10.8%,伴隨脂肪變性的C型肝炎發(fā)病率為30.7%,無脂肪變性的C型肝炎發(fā)病率為21.0%,NAFLD的發(fā)病率為28.8%。隨后將各研究組重新分為兩組:無脂肪性肝病患者(IBD、消化不良、無脂肪變性的C型肝炎)和脂肪性肝病患者(伴隨脂肪變性的C型肝炎、NAFLD)。無脂肪性肝病患者癌癥發(fā)生率為17%,明顯低于脂肪性肝病患者(26.7%,P<0.05)。同時(shí)調(diào)查了脂肪肝患者腹部手術(shù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),結(jié)果無脂肪性肝病患者手術(shù)發(fā)生率為32.0%,低于脂肪性肝病(45.0%,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 脂肪性肝病可以增加脂肪肝患者腹部手術(shù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及一級(jí)親屬癌癥的發(fā)病率。因此闡明脂肪性肝病的潛在原因可以減少癌癥的發(fā)病率及脂肪肝患者手術(shù)的數(shù)量。
腹部手術(shù);癌癥;脂肪肝;C型肝炎;非酒精性脂肪肝
非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是指超量飲酒和其他損肝因素除外所致的以彌漫性肝細(xì)胞大泡性脂肪變性為病理特征的臨床綜合征,包括單純性脂肪肝和由其演變的脂肪性肝炎及脂肪性肝硬化[1-2]。在胃腸病及肝病學(xué)中,NAFLD是慢性肝病中最常見的形式之一[3],已被廣泛關(guān)注。目前普遍認(rèn)為引起肝臟脂肪堆積的主要原因?yàn)檫^度肥胖及胰島素抵抗[4]。NAFLD是肝硬化、肝癌、終末期肝病及肝移植的重要病因[5],雖然對(duì)NAFLD的研究不斷深入,但其發(fā)病機(jī)制仍不清楚。本文調(diào)查了脂肪肝患者腹部手術(shù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并評(píng)估了脂肪肝患者一級(jí)親屬癌癥的發(fā)病率。
1.1 一般資料 收集70例NAFLD患者,80例已被證實(shí)的C型肝炎患者(其中40例脂肪肝,40例為非脂肪肝),40例IBD患者及70例消化不良患者。
1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 通過患者自陳報(bào)告,排除具有飲酒史的患者,減少患者家庭成員中有酒精濫用史的情況,并詢問藥物史、慢性肝炎史、高血壓及糖尿病史;對(duì)肝膽系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行超聲檢查,通過回聲反射性增加及肝腎對(duì)比進(jìn)行脂肪肝的診斷;對(duì)血清學(xué)檢查指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測定,包括乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗體(anti-HBs)、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗體(anti-HBc-total)及丙型肝炎病毒抗體(anti-HCV);必要情況下,病理學(xué)醫(yī)師對(duì)肝組織學(xué)進(jìn)行病理檢查,根據(jù)脂肪性肝病的病理學(xué)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)NAFLD進(jìn)行診斷[6-7]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 全部數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行處理。計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分率表示,各組之間通過卡方檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 患者親屬癌癥發(fā)生率 各分組中,患者的性別、年齡及婚姻狀況差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(除IBD患者的年齡較其他各組明顯偏小)。患者一級(jí)親屬癌癥發(fā)病率分別為:IBD 19.2%,消化不良10.8%,伴隨脂肪變性的C型肝炎30.5%,無脂肪變性的C型肝炎21.0%,NAFLD 29.0%。排除消化不良患者的結(jié)果后,各組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 分組后患者親屬癌癥發(fā)生率 隨后將各研究組重新分為兩組:無脂肪性肝病患者(包括:IBD、消化不良、無脂肪變性的C型肝炎)和脂肪性肝病患者(包括:伴隨脂肪變性的C型肝炎、NAFLD)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),無脂肪性肝病患者癌癥發(fā)生率為17.0%,明顯低于脂肪性肝病患者(26.7%,P<0.05)。
2.3 病人手術(shù)發(fā)生率 本研究同時(shí)調(diào)查了脂肪肝患者腹部手術(shù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),IBD患者的手術(shù)頻率5.0%(排除了由腸道手術(shù)引起的IBD)、消化不良的患者38.3%、伴隨脂肪變性的C型肝炎46.5%、無脂肪變性的C型肝炎39.7%以及NAFLD 44.6%。將IBD患者剔除后,各組手術(shù)發(fā)生率相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。通過進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),無脂肪性肝病患者手術(shù)發(fā)生率32.0%,明顯低于脂肪性肝病患者(45.0%,P<0.05)。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)脂肪性肝病可以增加患者腹部手術(shù)的發(fā)生率及一級(jí)親屬癌癥的發(fā)病率,所有調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)不受患者性別、平均年齡及婚姻狀況的影響。本研究結(jié)果顯示了肝臟脂肪的積聚可以明顯增加患者親屬癌癥的發(fā)生率,同時(shí)認(rèn)為由肥胖引起的脂肪肝與C型肝炎引起的脂肪肝相比,對(duì)身體更有害。隨后根據(jù)脂肪積累的情況將研究分為兩個(gè)大組,觀察是否存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異:結(jié)果無脂肪性肝病的癌癥發(fā)病率為17.0%,明顯低于患有脂肪性肝病患者(26.7%,P<0.05)。此外,本研究同時(shí)調(diào)查了脂肪肝患者腹部手術(shù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。無脂肪性肝病患者的手術(shù)發(fā)生率為32.0%,而脂肪性肝病患者的手術(shù)發(fā)生率為45.0%,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
大量流行病學(xué)研究表明:肥胖、2型糖尿病與特定的癌癥(如結(jié)腸直腸癌、食管癌及腎癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的提高)之間存在聯(lián)系[8],即使調(diào)整了影響因素,如BMI、家族史、體力活動(dòng)、吸煙、激素及阿司匹林的使用等,這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)依然維持存在。本文并沒有對(duì)造成以上結(jié)果的原因進(jìn)行研究,但是脂肪性肝病與相關(guān)癌癥共同的機(jī)制機(jī)理可能是增加癌癥發(fā)生率的原因之一。一些基因、配體及各種因子受體(胰島素、脂肪因子、PTEN、PI3K、mTOR、MAPK、HIF-1α、COX-2、MIF)可能增加癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)也可能與脂肪性肝病的發(fā)病機(jī)理相關(guān)。
另一方面,免疫系統(tǒng)受損是脂肪性肝病發(fā)生、發(fā)展的基本機(jī)制之一[9],脂肪性肝病患者存在慢性低度炎癥,因此,系統(tǒng)性身體炎癥的增加及其產(chǎn)生的影響可能導(dǎo)致脂肪性肝病患者手術(shù)發(fā)生率的增高。
綜上,肝臟中脂肪的積聚增加了脂肪肝患者手術(shù)的發(fā)生率及患者一級(jí)親屬癌癥的發(fā)病率。此結(jié)果提示對(duì)于脂肪性肝病的預(yù)防及治療應(yīng)得到足夠的重視,而闡明脂肪性肝病的潛在病因是制定合理的預(yù)防治療對(duì)策的基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)而可以減少人群癌癥的發(fā)病率以及脂肪肝患者手術(shù)的數(shù)量。
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(責(zé)任編輯:王全楚)
Research on the risk of abdominal operation in patients with fatty liver and the prevalence of cancer in first-degree relatives
WANG Zhiyong, DENG Guosun
Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai 202150, China
Objective To investigate the risk of abdominal operation in patients with fatty liver and the prevalence of cancer in first-degree relatives of patients with fatty liver. Methods Seventy patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 80 patients with biopsy-proven hepatitis C (40 patients with fatty liver and 40 patients without fatty liver), 35 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and 70 patients with dyspepsia were evaluated. Results There was no difference in sex, mean age, and marital status among the groups, except patients with IBD were younger than the others. The frequency of cancer among family members was 19.2% in IBD, 10.8% in dyspepsia, 30.7% in hepatitis C with steatosis, 21.0% in hepatitis C without steatosis, and 28.8% in NAFLD. Then, the patients were divided into two groups as follows: fatty liver group (IBD + dyspepsia + hepatitis C without steatosis) and non-fatty liver group (hepatitis C with steatosis + NAFLD). The frequency of cancer was 17.0% in non-fatty liver patients, significantly less than fatty liver patients (26.7%,P<0.05). This study also investigated the risk of abdominal operation in patients with fatty liver. The results were as follows: 32.0% in non-fatty liver patients, significantly less than fatty liver patients(45.0%,P<0.05). Conclusion Fatty liver disease might increase the risk of abdominal operation in patients with fatty liver and the prevalence of cancer in first-degree relatives. Understanding the underlying causes of fatty liver forms might decrease the cancer frequency in the population and the number of operations in patients with fatty liver.
Abdominal operation; Cancer; Fatty liver; Hepatitis C; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
王志勇,主治醫(yī)師,碩士,研究方向:肝癌。E-mail:wzy19810820@163.com
鄧國孫,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:肝癌。E-mail:denggs67@126.com
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2016.03.023
R575.5
A
1006-5709(2016)03-0318-02
2015-05-29