當(dāng)草根血統(tǒng)遇上紳士風(fēng)情

文/五花肉

當(dāng)草根血統(tǒng)遇上紳士風(fēng)情

Mixture of Grassroots and Gentleman Culture

文/五花肉

羽毛球的起源，最早可以追溯到2 000多年之前，印度風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的“普那”和國(guó)人熟知的打手毽，被視為這一古老運(yùn)動(dòng)的前身。

The origin of badminton can date back to two thousand years ago. A game named Poona played in India and Da Shou Jian known well by the Chinese people are regarded as the predecessor of badminton.

發(fā)跡于草根From the Grassroots

在當(dāng)時(shí)，羽毛球幾乎是草根大眾的專(zhuān)屬游戲，既不需要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的場(chǎng)地、也不用花錢(qián)購(gòu)置統(tǒng)一的游戲器具，連游戲規(guī)則也只有幾條簡(jiǎn)單的口頭約定。只要興之所至，隨時(shí)隨地都可以玩上幾局、一較高下，深受勞動(dòng)人民的喜愛(ài)。后期的日本櫻桃羽球、俄國(guó)伏朗、英國(guó)毽子板球均與此類(lèi)似。

At that time, badminton was an exclusive game of the grassroots, which did not require special court and uniform equipment, even the rules were just several verbal agreements. If you want, you can play a few rounds to determine the winner anytime and anywhere. Therefore, it was a very popular game among the grassroots. The later Hanetsuki in Japan, Fulang in Russia, battledore and shuttlecock in England are similar with badminton.

融合紳士風(fēng)情Into the Gentility

到了1860年，傳統(tǒng)的東方運(yùn)動(dòng)“普那”，漂洋過(guò)海傳到了英國(guó)，在格拉斯哥郡伯明頓鎮(zhèn)鮑弗特公爵的推薦下，這一出身草根的游戲與英國(guó)的紳士休閑文化產(chǎn)生了奇妙的反應(yīng)，初具了現(xiàn)代羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)的雛形。

In 1860, the traditional Asian game Poona was brought into England. It was the Duke of Beaufort from Badminton(Glasgow) who introduced the game to the British elite. The mixture of its grassroots background and gentleman culture had a wonderful response and became the prototype of modern badminton.

當(dāng)時(shí)的羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)，對(duì)參賽人員和比賽著裝有了明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，將比賽器具統(tǒng)一設(shè)置為插上羽毛的香檳酒瓶軟木塞，規(guī)定必須隔網(wǎng)擊打。充分融入紳士風(fēng)情的這一運(yùn)動(dòng)，甚至將禮讓作為條款寫(xiě)進(jìn)比賽規(guī)則，成為了體育競(jìng)賽項(xiàng)目中絕無(wú)僅有的個(gè)例。

At that time, the badminton game had a specific requirement for players and their attire. The champagne cork with feathers was uniformly set as the equipment, and players were asked to hit the cork across a net. Immersed in gentleman culture, the game even put comity into the rules, which is very unique in all sportscompetition programs.

從游戲到競(jìng)技

From Game to Athletics

植入了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化基因的羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)，自此邁入了發(fā)展的快車(chē)道，煥發(fā)出新的生命力。

With the standardization gene, badminton took off and created a new vitality.

1875年，第一部羽毛球規(guī)則在英國(guó)問(wèn)世。1893年，英國(guó)14家羽毛球俱樂(lè)部組成了世界上第一個(gè)正規(guī)的羽毛球協(xié)會(huì)，進(jìn)一步修訂了規(guī)則，羽毛球確定為14～16 根羽毛粘在軟木托上，重4.6～5.5克，羽毛球場(chǎng)為長(zhǎng)方形，這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)延用至今。

The fi rst set of rules for badminton was issued in 1875 in England. In 1893, 14 badminton clubs in England formed the first formal badminton association, and further revised the rules. According to the rules which remain alive today, the shuttlecock shall be formed from 14-16 overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base, with up to 4.6-5.5g in weight; the court shall be rectangular.

1939年，國(guó)際羽毛球聯(lián)合會(huì)通過(guò)《羽毛球競(jìng)賽規(guī)則》，得到世界范圍內(nèi)參與者的認(rèn)同。1992年巴塞羅那奧運(yùn)會(huì)，羽毛球被列為正式比賽項(xiàng)目。

In 1939, Badminton World Federation passed Laws of Badminton, which gained recognition of participants all over the world. It was not until the 1992 Games in Barcelona that badminton was off i cially included on the Olympic program.

結(jié) 語(yǔ)Conclusion

從草根游戲到全民運(yùn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)而登上國(guó)際競(jìng)技最高舞臺(tái)——奧運(yùn)會(huì)，羽毛球的每一次華麗轉(zhuǎn)身、成功逆襲的背后，幾乎都能看到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的力量，在潛移默化中引領(lǐng)這一運(yùn)動(dòng)向著更高、更快、更強(qiáng)的方向不斷邁進(jìn)。

From the grassroots game to national pastime, and then up to the highest level stage of international athletics, behind all the changes and success, standards play an important role in imperceptibly leading this sport to the goal of higher, faster and stronger.

（支持單位：上海市質(zhì)量和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院）