[摘要] 異位胰腺屬于先天發育畸形,臨床較少見。大多數觀點支持先天性胚胎發育異常導致異位胰腺的發生。胃和十二指腸是腹腔異位胰腺發生較多部位,占半數以上。常規消化道造影、內鏡和CT檢查具有較大診斷價值,定性診斷需術后病理確診。大多數學者對有癥狀患者主張積極手術治療,具體術式視病灶與周圍臟器及組織毗鄰關系而定。
[關鍵詞] 異位胰腺;診治;研究進展
[中圖分類號] R572 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2016)12(c)-0196-03
[Abstract] Heterotopic pancreas is a rare congenital malformation. Most views support the development of heterotopic pancreas in the congenital abnormalities of the embryo. The stomach and duodenum were more than half of the abdominal heterotopic pancreas. Conventional digestive tract radiography, endoscopy and CT examination have great diagnostic value, qualitative diagnosis need to be confirmed by pathology after operation. Most of the scholars have advocated positive surgical treatment for symptomatic patients, the specific operation of the visual focus and the surrounding organs and tissue adjacent to the relationship between the.
[Key words] Heterotopic pancreas; Diagnosis and treatment; Research progress
異位胰腺(heterotopic pancreas HP)是一種發生于正常胰腺組織外孤立、臨床少見的先天畸形,亦稱迷走胰腺,臨床表現不典型,容易誤診、漏診。Jean-Sehultz于1727年在回腸憩室中首次報道這種病例,Klob于1859年首次在病理上證實該病的存在。異位胰腺發病率0.11%~14%,平均發病年齡多為43.5歲(18個月~74歲),男女發病率無明顯差異[1]。胃十二指腸是腹腔異位胰腺發生較多的部位(約占半數以上)[2]。由于異位胰腺的臨床少見性和表現無特異性,誤診及漏診率較高[3-4]。為提高對異位胰腺的臨床認識,該文對該病做一綜述,旨在為臨床診治提供參考。
1 發病機制
目前尚未發現其確切發生機制,多數觀點支持先天性胚胎發育異常導致異位胰腺的發生,主要有以下幾種學說[5]:①Sonic hedgehog(Shh)基因在胰腺發育初始階段干擾胰腺正常發育過程,導致胰腺異常分化,胚層發育異常。②胰腺原基在胚胎發育第6~7周,脫離正常生長部位,在較近的胃腸道生長發育成異位胰腺,這可以認為是胰腺原基迷路。③在距離胰腺較遠的呼吸系統,如肺、縱膈等部位發生異位胰腺,類似低級哺乳動物,認為是返祖現象。……