鹽生環(huán)境下3種荒漠植物葉凋落物分解動(dòng)態(tài)特征1)

葛留威　呂瑞恒　李荔　張海濤　周正立　梁繼業(yè)

(塔里木大學(xué)，阿拉爾，843300)

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鹽生環(huán)境下3種荒漠植物葉凋落物分解動(dòng)態(tài)特征1)

葛留威呂瑞恒李荔張海濤周正立梁繼業(yè)

(塔里木大學(xué)，阿拉爾，843300)

摘要以鹽生環(huán)境下3種荒漠群落優(yōu)勢種葉凋落物(胡楊、多枝檉柳、脹果甘草)為研究對象，采用凋落袋法，了解其分解特征、養(yǎng)分釋放規(guī)律，以及土壤溫濕度變化對其分解的影響。結(jié)果表明：經(jīng)過390 d的分解，胡楊、多枝檉柳、脹果甘草葉凋落物質(zhì)量損失率隨時(shí)間延長而逐漸增大，質(zhì)量損失率分別為20.97%、12.04%、40.30%。胡楊、多枝檉柳、脹果甘草分解系數(shù)依次為0.235 3、0.128 3、0.510 8，其葉分解50%所需時(shí)間分別為2.9、5.4、1.4 a，分解95%所需時(shí)間分別為12.7、23.4、5.96 a。胡楊、多枝檉柳、脹果甘草葉凋落物N元素釋放率分別為51.23%、24.03%、51.44%，均符合富集-釋放模式；P元素釋放率分別為39.87%、25.04%、43.60%，K元素釋放率分別為42.75%、31.45%、57.35%。3種植物葉凋落物分解速率與土壤溫度、濕度相關(guān)性較強(qiáng)，對其分解過程有顯著(P<0.05)影響。

關(guān)鍵詞鹽生環(huán)境；葉凋落物；質(zhì)量損失率；分解速率

分類號Q945.78

Litter Decomposition of Three Types of Forestsin South Slope in Saline Environment//

Ge Liuwei, Lü Ruiheng, Li Li, Zhang Haitao, Zhou Zhengli, Liang Jiye

(Tarim University, Alar 843300, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(5)：39-43，47.

Based on the foliar litter of typical three kinds of desert plants (PopuluseuphraticaOliv,TamarixramosissimaLedeb,GlycyrrhizainflataBatalin) in south slope in saline environment, we used the litter bag method to study the nutrient release rule of plants in the study area, and the impact of changes in soil temperature and humidity on its decomposition. After 390 d of decomposition, the leaf litter weight loss rates s ofP.euphratica,T.ramosissima, andG.inflatawere increased with the time, and the annual weight loss rates of litters were 20.97%, 12.04% and 40.30%, respectively. The annual decomposition rate estimated by the exponential decay model were 0.235 3, 0.128 3 and 0.510 8, and the times required for 50% of leaf decomposition were 2.9, 5.4 and 1.4 years forP.euphraticaandT.ramosissimaandG.inflata, and 12.7, 23.4, and 5.9 years for 95% of leaf decomposition, respectively. N release rate of leaves ofP.euphraticaandT.ramosissimaandG.inflatawere 51.23%, 24.03% and 51.44%, respectively, with a decomposition pattern of release-enrichment. P release rate of leaves were 39.87%, 25.04% and 43.60%, and K release rate of leaves were 42.75%, 31.45% and 57.35% ofP.euphraticaandT.ramosissimaandG.inflata, respectively. By linear regression, there were significantly positive correlations between litter decomposition rate and soil temperature, and soil moisture content significantly (P<0.05).

KeywordsSaline environment; Leaf litter; Weight loss rate; Decomposition rate

新疆塔里木盆地屬于極端干旱區(qū)，自然條件較為惡劣，諸如溫差大、降水量小、光照時(shí)間長、土壤鹽堿度高[1]，造成荒漠河岸植物群落異質(zhì)性較大，生境類型多樣，逐漸形成僅以胡楊(PopuluseuphraticaOliv.)、檉柳(TamarixchinensisLour.)為主的喬木、灌木群落[2]。凋落物作為養(yǎng)分的基本載體是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的組成部分和森林土壤物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的基礎(chǔ),是植物和微生物所需養(yǎng)分的主要來源,對增加土壤肥力,改善樹木營養(yǎng)和提高森林生產(chǎn)力,保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡,有著極為重要的作用[3-4]。目前，森林凋……