楊樂 李繼榮 倉決卓瑪
(西藏自治區(qū)高原生物研究所,拉薩,850001)
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西藏“一江兩河”流域越冬黑頸鶴種群數(shù)量及分布1)
楊樂李繼榮倉決卓瑪
(西藏自治區(qū)高原生物研究所,拉薩,850001)
摘要對西藏“一江兩河”流域越冬黑頸鶴(Grus nigricollis)種群數(shù)量及分布情況進行了調(diào)查,并分析了黑頸鶴晝間活動生境和人為干擾情況。結(jié)果表明:2010年12月—2011年1月、2012年12月—2013年1月、2015年1月在“一江兩河”流域越冬的黑頸鶴數(shù)量分別為6 041、5 949、6 496只。拉孜到南木林之間雅魯藏布江中上游河谷和墨竹工卡到林周之間的拉薩河-澎波河谷一區(qū)是越冬黑頸鶴最為集中的2個區(qū)域;黑頸鶴晝間活動的主要生境是農(nóng)田和水體,在這2種生境活動的黑頸鶴集群分別占集群總數(shù)(n=125)的80.8%和17.6%;12.0%的越冬黑頸鶴集群受到人為干擾的影響,其中69.2%的干擾來自開發(fā)建設(shè)。
關(guān)鍵詞黑頸鶴;西藏;越冬鳥類
分類號Q958.15; Q958.5
Number and Distribution of Wintering Black-necked Crane (Grusnigricollis) in Drainage Area of Yarlung Zangbo River and Its Two Branches from Tibet, China//
Yang Le, Li Jirong, Tsamchu Drolma
(Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(5):70-72,83.
We surveyed the number and distribution of wintering black-necked crane (Grusnigricollis) in the drainage area of Yarlung Zangbo River and its two branches, and analyzed the diurnal activities habitat of wintering black-necked crane and human disturbance situation. The number of wintering black-necked crane (G.nigricollis) in drainage area of Yarlung Zangbo river and its two branches were 6 041, 5 949 and 6 496 in December 2010 to January 2011, December 2012 to January 2013, and January 2015, respectively, and the most concentrated area of wintering black-necked cranes was located in the upper-middle valley of Yalung Zangbo from Lazi to Nanmulin, and Lhasa river-Peng wave valley area from Maizhokunggar to Linzhou. The day activity habitat of wintering black-necked crane were farmland and ford, and the proportion of black-necked crane flocks (n=125) in the two kind of habitat were 80.8% and 17.6%, respectively. There were 12% of black-necked crane flocks affected by human disturbance, of which 69.2% was mainly from human development and construction.
KeywordsBlack-necked crane (Grus nigricollis); Tibet; Wintering birds
黑頸鶴(Grusnigricollis)隸屬鶴形目(Gruiformes)鶴科(Gruidae)鶴屬(Grus),是世界上15種鶴類中唯一以青藏高原為中心分布的物種,也是最晚被發(fā)現(xiàn)的鶴類,其全球種群數(shù)量為10 000~10 200只,被世界自然保護聯(lián)盟(IUCN)列為全球性易危(VU)物種,是國際上最受關(guān)注的瀕危物種之一[1]。
黑頸鶴的分布區(qū)(78°~104°E、28°~38°N)西至阿爾金山和昆侖山脈,北至祁連山,東至烏蒙山脈,南至喜馬拉雅山脈[2],其繁殖區(qū)主要在青藏高原北部和西部,越冬區(qū)主要在雅魯藏布江河谷中段、喜馬拉雅山脈南坡及云貴高原部分區(qū)域,青藏高原東部為其遷徙途徑之地[3]。西藏是黑頸鶴主要的繁殖地和越冬地,其在西藏的繁殖地主要集中在西藏北部、西北部的河流和沼澤濕地,越冬地集中在雅魯藏布江中游河谷及其支流拉薩河、年楚河的“一江兩河”地區(qū)[4],越冬期主要以谷物殘物為食[5]。……