關新平 陳彩蓮 化存卿 張有光 高強
摘要:本研究針對我國中長期科技發展規劃對大型飛機的重大戰略需求,研究飛行器在復雜條件下進近可視導航所需的空地通信網絡基礎科學問題。根據飛行器在不同飛行階段的運動特點及對通信的需求差異,本研究從兩個方面展開研究:巡航區飛行器的混合式地空蜂窩網絡;進近飛行器可靠通信的機場終端區無線mesh網絡。重點研究了網絡的基本組成和實現機理,并進行大規模的試驗和驗證;為可視導航技術創新提供基礎理論支持。 在混合式地空蜂窩網絡架構中,空中飛行器組成自組織網絡,地面VHF基站與區域管制中心聯網,整合所有導航、管制及服務相關信息。飛行器可與地面VHF基站通信,獲取所有與安全飛行相關的信息,并及時向地面提供自身的飛行數據;飛行器之間可自由通信,保證周圍態勢信息的及時獲取,縮小安全間隔,減少基站通信負荷。為建立具有可擴展、可重構特性的空地協同傳輸體系,本研究圍繞該混合式地空蜂窩網絡架構,本研究著重研究了網絡系統容量分析方法及異構網絡下多域協同編碼技術,提出網絡系統容量分析方法。優化空地數據鏈網絡結構,獲得較高傳輸可靠性和較強復用能力,提高系統容量。 另一方面,在全天候、高交通密度和各種復雜的機場建筑布局情況下,保證飛行器和地面車輛在機場的安全、有序及快速運行是機場運行的重要目標,也是提高機場對飛行器架次的處理能力、效率及安全的先決條件。因此,本研究在機場表面建立的無線mesh網絡利用運行在場面上的飛行器、車輛、地勤人員及場面設備等作為通信節點,并在跑道周邊布設傳感器節點等,旨在快速、準確地傳輸塔臺對飛行器、車輛和地面人員的指揮調度信息。利于實現安全、高效、高速、有序的民航航站空側交通管理工作,在全天候條件下能夠對航站交通進行科學的管理。由于機場終端區存在各種復雜的機場建筑,使得機場表面無線通信受多徑效應干擾嚴重,因此本研究采用協作通信技術,利用場面塔臺和目標節點間的空閑節點進行信號的中繼轉發,有效提高傳輸的可靠性。同時,為滿足突發事件報告對傳輸實時性的要求,提出了基于虛擬Agent 的事件報告傳輸機制,有效減小傳輸時延。
關鍵詞:空地數據鏈系統;航空自組網;網絡容量;可擴展性;異構信息傳輸;協作通信
Abstract:In this project, we propose an Aeronautical Ad-hoc network (AANET) architecture based on several ?ight paths, whereby the aircrafts in the cruise stage can get the information from the ground with the aid of ground stations and aircrafts can communicate with each other through multi-hop relays for information sharing and critical situational awareness. To improve the scalability and reconfiguration capability of the air-ground communication system, we investigate the method of analyzing the network capacity and propose a multi-domain collaborative network coding technology for heterogeneous information transmission. Due to the special structure of AANET, existing results on conventional mobile ad hoc networks are not applicable for determining the capacity scaling law of this network model. We prove an upper bound on the per-node capacity and construct a simple transmission scheduling scheme to achieve the lower bound, in this way, the capacity of the AANET is derived. The reason for the construction of the Airport Surface Wireless Mesh networks comes from several aspects. Top of the list comes lack of flexibility in existing airport communications infrastructure and underground cabling is expensive to deploy. Particularly, most of the aging infrastructures are costly to maintain and vulnerable; also, existing cabling infrastructure are not always available at all airports; the integration of communication is limited, resulting the lack of network connectivity. Moreover, current NAS modernization and anticipated “NextGen” Air Traffic System increase demands for CNS information sharing stakeholders. Therefore, Airport Surface Wireless Mesh networks integrates data from existing airport infrastructures, such as ASDE-X sensors, runway incursion prevention system, weather and wake sensors, constructing an information pool that can be used for controllers, pilots, airlines, ramp, deicing as well as service and emergency dispatch, et al. As a consequence, wireless mobile airport surface communications can greatly benefits the reliability, secure integration of voice/video/data at all airport locations. And enables “SWIM” networked integration of data sources and users, allows flexible, expandable, affordable deployment at airports of all sizes, while at the same time reduces VHF spectrum congestion.
Keywords:air-ground data link system; aeronautical ad-hoc network; network capacity; scalability; heterogeneous information transmission; cooperative communication