離子型稀土資源高效利用技術(shù)

楊斌 楊幼明

摘 要：本研究是針對我國離子型稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境污染問題，提出采用無氨浸礦與無皂化萃取分離方案，實(shí)現(xiàn)離子型稀土資源綠色高效提取、清潔分離。課題從離子型稀土礦山滲流場理論及應(yīng)用、離子型稀土數(shù)字礦山、離子型稀土新型浸礦劑、無氨氮排放-水系循環(huán)稀土潔凈萃取分離技術(shù)集成三個主要方面展開研究。 通過近兩年研究，在離子型稀土礦山滲流場理論及應(yīng)用方面，已建立離子型稀土原地浸礦開采的一維穩(wěn)定滲流模型，確定了單寬滲流量與滲透系數(shù)和特征參數(shù)C1的相關(guān)性，定量描述了特征參數(shù)C1的絕對值隨底板坡度 、注液井壓力水頭h1、水平間距L關(guān)系；解析了離子型稀土礦土浸泡后的強(qiáng)度特性及其物理性質(zhì)隨時間變化而產(chǎn)生的差異；掌握了滲流過程微顆粒遷移規(guī)律以及土樣滲透系數(shù)隨水力梯度的變化規(guī)律。 通過收集不同稀土礦山礦區(qū)的地質(zhì)資料和補(bǔ)充實(shí)測，建立全礦區(qū)礦床地質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫，為礦山地形地質(zhì)模型、礦體實(shí)體模型等提供基本數(shù)據(jù)；并據(jù)此建立地表模型、圍巖模型、礦床模型，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)礦山三維地質(zhì)建模，可以真實(shí)形象的顯示地表模型、地層、構(gòu)造、礦體；創(chuàng)建了礦體塊體模型和品位模型，實(shí)現(xiàn)了礦床塊段建模及儲量統(tǒng)計；設(shè)計了一套無線傳感器自動控制注液的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)方案，對智能注液可實(shí)施性進(jìn)行了論證；確定數(shù)據(jù)采集方案和統(tǒng)計影響因素權(quán)重，建立了離子型稀土礦山滑坡危險性評價模型；制定了龍南稀土足洞試驗礦區(qū)開采方案；并提出品位實(shí)時動態(tài)顯示方案和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析方案、室內(nèi)相似模擬實(shí)驗方案。 通過可溶性鹽的遴選與實(shí)驗驗證，結(jié)合離子型稀土礦浸出液流出曲線，篩選出可用于離子型稀土礦山的無氨復(fù)合浸礦劑，稀土浸出率達(dá)100%，且成本低，實(shí)現(xiàn)了礦山資源提取無氨化。 利用P507萃取稀土、N235萃取酸的特性，設(shè)計了P507-N235無皂化萃取分離稀土方案。優(yōu)化后的有機(jī)相成分為：30-35%P507+25-30%N235+0-20%熿化煤油+45-25%環(huán)己烷。測定了復(fù)全萃取體系稀土萃合物的組成為REA3？（R3N？HA）？3R3NHCl；研究了復(fù)合萃取劑對稀土元素的萃取分離規(guī)律，證明了體系中稀土元素呈“正序萃取”，符合“鑭系收縮”規(guī)則。 進(jìn)行了復(fù)合萃取劑負(fù)載稀土反萃取研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)水能反萃負(fù)載有機(jī)相中的輕稀土.利用草酸沉淀，制備出砂狀稀土化合物。

關(guān)鍵詞：離子型稀土；氨氮；數(shù)字礦山；浸礦劑；萃取分離；無皂化

Abstract：This program， focusing on the pollution problem of IRE industry， proposed non-ammonium leaching technology and non-saponification extraction-separation process which have realized cleaner production and high-efficiency extraction of IRE. With more than 2 years of research， an one-dimensional steady seepage model for in-situ leaching and extraction of IRE was established. Thus， the relationship of the unit rate of seepage flow， permeability coefficient and feature parameter C1 has been revealed. The effects of bottom-board gradient， injection-well pressure h1 and horizontal interval L on the feature parameter C1 have been quantitatively described. The effect of time on the strength characteristics and physical properties of IRE mine after leaching has been analyzed. Moreover， the mechanism of microparticle migration and the change rule of permeability coefficient with hydraulic gradient in seepage process have been mastered. Based on the supplemental measured data and collected geologic information of different mining area， geological database of all IRE ore deposit was established. Thus， the database could provide basic data for topographical and hypostatic models which can help to build three-dimensional geological model and visually display the structure of the ground surface， stratum and ore body. Furthermore， block model and ore grade model were set up to calculate ore reserve. The IOT scheme of automatically controlled flooding with wireless sensor was designed， and the feasibility of intelligent flooding was also proved. Non-ammonia compound agent used to leach RE was selected from several soluble salts by comparing with the leaching solution effluent curves during the process of leaching RE. Comparing with ammonium sulfate， the non-ammonia compound agent has lots of advantages such as high RE leach yield and low cost. So， non-ammonia extraction of RE from the ores has been realized. Non-saponification extraction and separation of RE used P507 and N235 as extractant was developed based on the characteristics of P507 extracting RE and N235 extracting acid from the leaching solution. During the extracting process， Stripping of RE from the loaded organic phase was studied. Results showed that light RE in the loaded organic phase can be stripped with water. Arenaceous RE compound was prepared using RE oxalic acid precipitation as material.

Key words：Ion-absorbed rare earth ore； ammonia-nitrogen； digital mine； leaching reagent； extraction-separation； non-saponification

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