高效規(guī)模化太陽能熱發(fā)電的基礎(chǔ)研究

黃湘　常春

摘 要：太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)以其生命周期排碳低、電價(jià)低和對電網(wǎng)沖擊小等優(yōu)勢，近十年發(fā)展迅猛，2006年以來全球已簽訂購電容量3 200 MW。國家發(fā)改委的《可再生能源中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃》及科技部的《國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（2006—2020）》均將其列為重點(diǎn)和優(yōu)先發(fā)展方向。該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)從前期承擔(dān)的MW級太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)及系統(tǒng)示范的863重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施中，深刻認(rèn)識到制約發(fā)展的主要技術(shù)障礙是：聚光成本高，在不穩(wěn)定太陽輻照下的系統(tǒng)光學(xué)效率和熱功轉(zhuǎn)換效率低。為此提出以下研究思路和目標(biāo)：以構(gòu)建光、熱、功間的內(nèi)部關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)制為牽引，以探索光能到熱能高效輸運(yùn)與轉(zhuǎn)換的時(shí)空協(xié)同規(guī)律為主線，以關(guān)鍵材料創(chuàng)新與能量高效轉(zhuǎn)換相耦合為突破口，同時(shí)關(guān)注熱發(fā)電與生態(tài)環(huán)境作用機(jī)制，完善和發(fā)展太陽能熱發(fā)電理論。并結(jié)合正在進(jìn)行的863項(xiàng)目，對新原理、新方法和新材料進(jìn)行實(shí)證。期望通過本研究的實(shí)施在未來5年將平均發(fā)電成本降低30%。

關(guān)鍵詞：太陽能熱發(fā)電 聚光 熱功轉(zhuǎn)換 生態(tài)環(huán)境

Abstract：Solar thermal power has made rapid development over the past decades for its inherent advantages of low carbon emission in the life cycle， low price and few impacts on the grid. Total 3200MW electricity capacity of solar thermal power has been signed since 2006 in the world. In the regulation of"Middle/Long-Term Renewable Energy Development Plan"promulgated by National Development and Reform Commission （NDRC）， Peoples Republic of China and in the regulation of " Middle/Long-Term Planning Framework of National Scientific and Technological Development（2006—2020）"promulgated by the Ministry of Science and Technology， solar thermal power was designated as focus and given priority to the development. Based on the implementation of 863 key projects of MW capacity solar thermal power technology and system demonstration， our application team profoundly understood the constraints of the main technical barriers of solar thermal power technology are： high cost of concentrating process， low optical efficiency and low heat power conversion efficiency because of the system instability due to the non-steady solar radiation input. Thus following ideas and research objectives are proposed： to set internal correlation mechanism among light， heat and power as the engine， to explore the spatial -time collaboration law of energy efficient light transportation and conversion as main direction， to couple innovation of key materials and efficiently energy conversion as a breakthrough point， at the same time we concern the mutual effects of solar thermal power and the ecological environment， thus to improve and develop the theory of solar thermal power. Combined with the ongoing 863 project， the new principles， new methods and new materials can be demonstrated. We hope that through this project the average cost of power will be reduced by 30% after five years.

Key Words：Solar thermal power；Concentrating；Heat power conversion；Ecological environment

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