陳曉華 曹小龍 黎秀月 何靜彩 張曉娜 羅榮城
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Hsa?miR?21的生物學信息分析
陳曉華曹小龍1黎秀月1何靜彩2張曉娜2羅榮城2
[摘要]目的對hsa?microRNA?21(hsa?miR?21)的生物學信息進行分析。方法運用OMIM、UCSC、Ensembl及pantherdb在線軟件分析hsa?miR?21在人類基因組中的位置及其序列,同時采用9種靶基因分析軟件對其靶基因進行預測分析。結果hsa?miR?21定位于人17號染色體59 841 266~59 841 337,共預測5 203個靶基因,其中為DIANA?microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同預測的靶基因有15個。結論hsa?miR?21在多種疾病及腫瘤中發揮重要作用,其生物學信息預示可能成為腫瘤治療的新靶標。
[關鍵詞]微小RNA;hsa?miR?21;腫瘤;生物學信息
作者單位:1.廣州市番禺區中心醫院腫瘤科,廣州市番禺區腫瘤研究所,廣東,廣州511400
2.南方醫科大學中西醫結合醫院,廣東,廣州510200
miRNA(microRNA)是廣泛存在的大小約為21個~25個堿基的非編碼微小RNA,通過與靶基因的3′?非翻譯區(3′?untranslated Regions,3′?UTR)區完全或不完全互補結合,引起靶基因mRNA降解或翻譯抑制,從而發揮負性調控作用。以往的研究表明miRNA與細胞的增殖、分化、凋亡、基因調控及疾病發生,尤其是腫瘤的發生發展密切相關[1-6]。hsa?miR?21是目前發現的唯一一種在多種實體瘤(如肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、頭頸部腫瘤等)及非實體瘤(如慢性淋巴細胞白血病、B細胞淋巴瘤等)過表達的miRNA,可能與多種惡性腫瘤的生長、侵襲、轉移等密切相關[7-8]。由于miRNA的生物學特性及其在多種疾病中的作用為國內外學者所發現,近年來miRNA的生物信息學分析日漸成為研究熱點,但hsa?miR?21的生物學信息目前研究仍較少。本研究通過多種生物學軟件對hsa?miR?21進行生物學信息分析,以期進一步明確hsa?miR?21的靶基因及其調控作用。
1.1hsa?miR?21基因組信息分析
基因組信息分析用軟件及相關數據庫:OMIM(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim),Ensem?ble(http://asia.ensembl.org),UCSC(http://genome. ucsc.edu),Panther(http://www.pantherdb.org/)。
1.2hsa?miR?21靶基因預測
靶基因預測用9種主流軟件:DIANA?microT (http://diana.imis.athena?innovation.gr/DianaTools),miRnada(http://www.microrna.org),miRDB(http:// www.mirdb.org/miRDB/), miRwalk(http://www. umm.uni?heidelberg.de/apps/zmf/mirwalk/),RNAhy?brid(http://bibiserv.techfak.uni?bielefeld.de/rnahy?brid), PiTar(http://pictar.bio.nyu.edu/), PITA(http:// gene.weizmann.ac.il/pubs/mir07/mir07_data.html)
RNA22(http://cbcsrv.watson.ibm.com/rna22.html)及TargetScan(http://www.targetscan.org)。
2.1hsa?miR?21基因組信息分析
采用上述4種在線數據庫對hsa?miR?21進行分析,結果可見hsa?miR?21定位于人17號染色體59 841 266~59 841 337之間,長72 bp(見圖1),其成熟單鏈RNA序列為5′?UAGCUUAUCAGACUG AUGUUGA?3′(hsa?miR?21?5p,MIMAT0000076),5′?CAACACCAGUCGAUGGGCUGU?3′(hsa?miR?21?3p MIMAT0004494)。
2.2hsa?miR?21基因序列保守性分析
采用UCSC數據庫對hsa?miR?21進行基因保守性分析,結果可見,hsa?miR?21成熟序列在人、恒河猴、鼠、狗、大象、雞等脊椎動物中高度保守(圖2)。
2.3Hsa?miR?21靶基因分析
我們采用上述軟件進行hsa?miR?21靶基因預測,其靶基因共有5 203個,其中為DIANA?microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同預測的靶基因有15個(表1)。同時,我們采用miRnada對靶基因的結合位點進行預測,結果見表2。
目前研究認為,miRNA能夠通過與靶mRNA特異性的堿基配對而發揮對靶基因的調節作用,從而調控多種疾病及腫瘤的發生發展[1-6]。研究表明,miRNA與多種疾病及腫瘤的發生、轉移、侵襲、上皮間質轉化(epithelial?mesenchymal transi?tions,EMT)等密切相關[1-6,14]。比如:有學者[15]發現,miR?155可通過作用于RhoA來參與調節TGF?β誘導EMT的發生,并進一步促進腫瘤轉移。人為敲除乳腺癌細胞中的miR?155能顯著抑制TGF?B誘導的EMT發生,大大降低腫瘤細胞轉移率;增加miR?155水平會減少RhoA蛋白的表達并使細胞間的緊密連接瓦解,促進腫瘤轉移。

表1 DIANA?microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同預測的hsa?miR?21靶基因Table 1 The target gene predicted by the software of DIANA?microT,miRnada,miRwalk,PiTar and TargetScan
Hsa?miR?21是第一個在不同的細胞株中作為細胞調節抑制基因而被記錄下來。目前研究表明,hsa?miR?21在肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、結腸癌、胰腺癌、食管癌等實體腫瘤中均過表達,可能與多種實體瘤發生及侵潤、轉移相關[16-21]。Wang等[17]研究發現,hsa?miR?21在胃癌組織中的表達顯著升高,并與患者總生存相關。Winther等[18]發現,hsa?miR?21在食管癌組織中表達亦顯著升高,并且與疾病特異生存時間相關,隨著hsa? miR?21升高其疾病特異生存時間減少。Asangani等[19]發現結腸癌細胞系cob206 hsa?miR?21與PDCD4呈負相關,通過抑制PDCD4的表達影響腫瘤細胞的浸潤轉移。Meng[20]等發現hsa?miR?21是通過下調肝癌PTEN的表達,進而影響P13K通路而觸發細胞增殖轉移等惡性行為。Song等[21]認為,hsa?miR?21與乳腺癌TIPM3蛋白水平表達負相關,認為hsa?miR?21可能通過負調控其靶基因TIPM3來促進癌細胞的侵襲轉移。
綜上所述,miRNA是通過調控其靶基因發揮其調控作用,hsa?miR?21與多種腫瘤的發生密切相關,并通過調控相關的基因而發揮作用。因此,明確miRNA的生物學信息有著極為重要的意義。目前,研究證實靶基因預測軟件對已知的miRNA靶基因有較好的預測敏感性和特異性,綜合多種預測軟件的靶基因交集對靶基因預測假陽性率較低。本研究中,我們采用多種靶基因預測軟件對hsa?miR?21的生物學信息進行預測分析,發現hsa?miR?21定位于人17號染色體59 841 266~59 841 337,采用9種靶基因預測軟件對hsa?miR?21的靶基因進行預測,共預測5 203個靶基因,其中為DIANA?microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同預測的靶基因有15個(JAG1,MSH2,LUM,RA?SA1,KCNMB2,SMAD7,ELF2,WWP1,BRD1,NBEA,TRPM7,CHD7,C17orf39,PAN3,PDZD2),其中部分靶基因已有學者進行了驗證。明確其靶基因將為hsa?miR?21成為新的腫瘤分子靶向治療靶標提供更好的研發方向和依據。當然,hsa?miR?21在多種實體瘤中的具體作用及調控機制仍需多種研究手段進一步研究驗證。
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論著
Analysis on biological information of hsa?miR?21
CHEN Xiaohua1,CAO Xiaolong1,LI Xiuyue1,HE Jingcai2,ZHANG Xiaona2,LUO Rongcheng2
(1. Department of Oncology,Panyu Central Hospital,Oocology Research Institute,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China 511400;2. Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Western Medicine,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China,510515)
[ABSTRACT]Objective To perform a biological information analysis for hsa?microRNA?21(hsa?miR?21) through a software approach. Methods OMIM, UCSC, Ensembl and pantherdb were used to predict the genome and location of hsa?miR?21 in human and nine target predicted softwares were used to predict the target genes. Results Hsa?miR?21 was located in chromosome 17 of the region between 59 841 266 to 59 841 337. There were 5 203 target genes predicted and fifteen of them were strongly predicted by the softwares of DIANA?microT, miRnada, miRwalk, PiTar, and Target Scan. Conclusion Hsa?miR?21 plays an important role in many disease and tumor and may become a new target in cancer treatment.
[KEY WORDS]MicroRNA;Hsa?miR?21;Tumor;Biological information
基金項目:廣州市番禺區科技計劃項目珠江新星專項(2013?專15?6.10)
通訊作者:陳曉華,E?mail: cxh0663@aliyun.com