日弦大樓，馬德里，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：魯伊斯-拉雷亞及合伙人建筑事務(wù)所Architects: Ruiz-Larrea & Asociados

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日弦大樓，馬德里，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：魯伊斯-拉雷亞及合伙人建筑事務(wù)所
Architects: Ruiz-Larrea & Asociados

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1 夜景/Night view

太陽(yáng)統(tǒng)治著空間，改變著城市的規(guī)劃。

早在2004年IMSM組織的設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽就出現(xiàn)了跨度巨大的L形建筑。這一特殊的體形并沒(méi)有讓建筑利用當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件的優(yōu)勢(shì)。因?yàn)檫M(jìn)深大，無(wú)法采用雙朝向房間，而L形的布局會(huì)帶來(lái)陰影的問(wèn)題。另外，只有15％的房間有好的朝向，5％能有對(duì)流通風(fēng)的可能。

新方案的目的是降低建筑的進(jìn)深，實(shí)現(xiàn)雙朝向房間。建筑的形體也根據(jù)城市周邊環(huán)境進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，從而以簡(jiǎn)單又嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)姆绞嚼昧四蟼?cè)的能量。

從形狀上看，弦體的設(shè)計(jì)與太陽(yáng)密切相關(guān)。建筑整體既是冬季的太陽(yáng)能集熱器，又是夏季的巨型遮陽(yáng)系統(tǒng)。建筑中采用的圍合體系能夠靈活配置，并可在不同樓層開(kāi)啟或閉合。

每個(gè)房間都有一個(gè)溫室，讓人充分享受莫斯托萊斯的陽(yáng)光。溫室中的空氣通過(guò)溫室效應(yīng)加熱，然后送到朝北最冷的房間去。

與影響建筑造型的生物氣候策略相輔相成的，是各種以逐步降低能耗、提高舒適度為目標(biāo)的主被動(dòng)式系統(tǒng)。這些互補(bǔ)的系統(tǒng)中包括了太陽(yáng)能光伏板，而其中最具創(chuàng)新性和相關(guān)性的就是地?zé)峥照{(diào)系統(tǒng)，與之相連的是有利于氣流的太陽(yáng)能煙囪系統(tǒng)。所有這些系統(tǒng)組合在一起，以可再生的方式滿足了建筑78％的能源需求。□（尚晉 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

總建筑師/Head Architect: César Ruiz-Larrea

項(xiàng)目主管/Director: Antonio Gómez

合作伙伴/Partners: Eduardo A.Prieto， Hernán Bugue?o，Elena Pascual， Macario lglesias， Daniel Terzano， Jaime Llosa施工管理/Construction Management: Ruiz-Larrea&Asociados結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)量/Structural Calculation Company: NB -35

設(shè)備公司/Facilities Companies: Cundall， Remica

承建商/Builder: UTE Fatecsa-Terratest

建筑面積/Floor Area: 6314.63m2

建成時(shí)間/Completion: 2011

攝影/Photos: Angel Baltanás

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2 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

3 軸測(cè)/Axonometric

評(píng)論

王海松：滿布建筑南立面的巨型遮陽(yáng)系統(tǒng)就像建筑的皮膚，可依據(jù)氣候的冷暖做出變化，以決定接納陽(yáng)光還是拒絕日照。建筑內(nèi)部建構(gòu)了神奇、簡(jiǎn)單的氣流調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，既可以對(duì)進(jìn)入空調(diào)機(jī)組的室外空氣進(jìn)行預(yù)熱（或預(yù)冷），也可以利用煙囪效應(yīng)制造有利于冷暖補(bǔ)償?shù)目諝饬鲃?dòng)，還可以形成單元內(nèi)南、北房間之間的空氣對(duì)流，將南向溫室內(nèi)的熱量傳遞至接受不到日照的北向房間，極具節(jié)能潛力。建筑外立面簡(jiǎn)潔、樸實(shí)，僅有數(shù)塊鮮亮的色塊起點(diǎn)綴、活躍構(gòu)圖作用。

劉晨：弧線有凸凹兩面，凸的一面進(jìn)取而張揚(yáng)，凹的一面謙遜而包容，兩種性格相輔相成。在這棟建筑里，季節(jié)（冬與夏）、朝向（南與北）、形式（凸與凹）的反差交錯(cuò)出現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過(guò)重新組合、配對(duì)，造就了一個(gè)辯證統(tǒng)一的有機(jī)體。優(yōu)美的弧線和鮮亮的色彩是它給人的第一印象，如果用心跟它相處，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它是一個(gè)有生命和情感的建筑，隨遇而安，融入天時(shí)地利，敞開(kāi)心扉盡情呼吸。凹面的太陽(yáng)能光伏板就像隨著日光翕動(dòng)的眼睫。在保證低能耗的情況下把這么大一棟房子造得冬暖夏涼、賞心悅目，實(shí)屬不易。

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4 外景/Exterior view

Te sun rules the space， the urban planning is modifed to accommodate to the sun.

The competition organized by the IMSM in 2004 foresaw an L-shape building of a large span. This specific geometry did not allow any building disposition with the possibility to work with the climatic conditions in a favorable way since the large span condition forced to work with non-double orientation dwelling sand the L-shaped layout generated troublesome form shadows. Only 15％ of the dwellings would have a proper orientation and 5％ would have the possibility of cross ventilation.

Te proposal was intended to reduce the span of the building allowing double orientation dwellings. Te shape of the building was also modifed in order to integrate in the surrounding urban environment with the intention to take advantage， in a simple and rigorous way， of the energy potential of the south side.

Because of the shape， the Solar Hemicycle follows the Sun. Te envelope is conceived as a large solar collector during winter time and as a huge shading system during summertime. The envelope system implemented in the building enables fexible configurations as well as the possibility to open or close it at different levels.

Each dwelling counts with a solar gallery that allows to take advantage of the sunshine hours of Mostoles. Te air which is confned inside the gallery or the chamber is heated， thanks to the greenhouse effect. Te hot air is conducted to the coldest rooms of the house facing north.

The bioclimatic strategies that configure and shape the building are complemented with different passive and active systems with the intention to progressively reduce energetic consumption and to improve the comfort conditions. Among these complementary systems， which include solar or photovoltaic panels， the most innovative and relevant solution is the geothermal air-conditioning system which is combined with a solar chimneys system that facilitate and favor air circulation. Te combination of all these systems makes possible to cover 78％ of the energy needs of the building through renewable solutions.

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5 冬季地?zé)崾疽鈭D/Geothermal diagram in winter

6 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Comments

WANG Haisong: Te south facade is littered with a giant sun shading system， which appears to be the skin of building. It can make changes according to the climatic variation and decide to accept the sunshine or not. Te internal part of the building is equipped with magic but simple fow control system. Te system can preheat or precool the external air that enters the air conditioning units， apply the Chimney Effect to generate air fow that is good for temperature compensation， or form air convection between the southern and northern room inside the units. To deliver the heat in the southward greenhouse to the northward one that can not receive sunshine is of great potential for energy saving. Te facade is simple and unadorned， with only several bright color blocks to embellish and activate the composition.

LIU Chen: An arc has two sides， the convex side being aggressive and the concave one inclusive； the two characters are complementary rather than conficting. In this building， the contrasts of seasons （winter and summer）， orientations （south and north）， and forms （convex and concave） are intertwined， reorganized and coupled together to create a dialectical unity. Its elegant arc and bright colors leave a strong frst impression on the viewer， inspiring one to imagine it as an organic building with vivid emotions， a living being that breathes with nature. Te photovoltaic panels on the concave side are almost like eyelashes blinking to the ever-changing sunshine. Te building is an excellent example in combining low-energy design with physical comfort and visual delight.

Solar Hemicycle， Madrid， Spain， 2011