雷內·卡塞納韋公寓樓，舊金山，加利福尼亞州，美國

Rene Casenave Apartments， San Francisco， California， USA， 2014

建筑設計: 萊迪·馬托姆·斯泰西建筑事務所Architect: Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects

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雷內·卡塞納韋公寓樓，舊金山，加利福尼亞州，美國

Rene Casenave Apartments， San Francisco， California， USA， 2014

建筑設計: 萊迪·馬托姆·斯泰西建筑事務所
Architect: Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects

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1 外景/Exterior

作為舊金山海灣樞紐重建區的第一座新建筑，雷內·卡塞納韋公寓樓取代了地段上原先的高速出口匝道及停車場，代之為革新式的永久幫扶性住宅，以服務患有生理及精神殘障、曾經長期居無定所的人群。

海灣樞紐重建區

海灣樞紐重建項目的區域是在2005年制定的，將改造位于舊金山金融區以南、介于現海灣大橋城市高速及新海灣樞紐站之間的約40hm2的區域。新海灣樞紐站將取代原車站及出入匝道，形成一座區域性的巴士及火車中轉中心。項目重建區的概念規劃包括了高密度、以公共交通為導向的市場、沿佛森街的適價居住和商業地產，以及新樞紐站周邊的辦公/酒店開發。另外，概念規劃還涵蓋了對于公共設施的重大改進：包括新的大型公園、新的步行通道以及拓寬的人行道。

項目地段

項目位于一塊異形地塊上，這里原本是高速匝道下的停車場。它位于海灣樞紐區的中心，是新的佛森街商住廊道的門戶。在未來幾年內，地段緊鄰的區域將被改造為奧斯卡公園——一個橫跨多個街區、位于坡道之下、人行及自行車導向的休閑區。新的公園將加強這個街區的流動性特征，增強社區凝聚力，并創造出一個具有吸引力的城市目的地。

功能

建筑包括120套極小型公寓、幫扶服務、社區空間、配套設施，以及服務周邊街區的零售商業。為了與地段的交通流動性特征相吻合，建筑并未在地段上設置停車場。項目的住宅都是永久性的——居民可以無限期地居住下去，只要他們滿足租約條款的要求即可。

住戶

公寓樓的住戶全部都是極低收入的居民，他們長期居無定所，深受濫用藥品、精神或生理殘疾之苦。他們是國家公共衛生部“直接入住”項目的受益者。“直接入住”項目的住宅及城市衛生部門將會為他們提供足夠的補貼及服務支持。政府認為，為這一人群建造永久性的幫扶住宅，要比在公共健康體系內救助同樣數量的流浪漢要花費少。

幫扶服務

地段上的幫扶服務設施包括社會服務、教育/職業培訓、濫用藥物咨詢、生理及精神健康醫療。員工包括個案工作者、一名護士及一名精神病醫生。這些服務對于住戶來說都是無償的。

可持續性

建筑中集合了大量的可持續性設計策略。這些策略由“綠分”（Green points）開發并跟蹤——這一評價體系與LEED類似，不過是由總部位于灣區的“綠色建造”組織專為住宅項目制定的。這座建筑獲評187分，相當于LEED高金級/低白金級。按照加利福尼亞州嚴格的24號能耗標準，這座建筑的設計能耗比住宅低29％，比非住宅建筑低13％。

結構彈性

混凝土結構體系采用了一種創新性的側向支撐系統，可以在地震時增強結構彈性。外圍的混凝土墻都施加了后拉預力，可以幫助建筑在地震結束后“自我扶正”。結合外維護墻及機械系統中的靈活性，這座建筑在地震后作為庇護場所的可能性大大提升。

無障礙設計

對于這樣一個高殘疾率的居住群體來說，無障礙設計是極為重要的。無障礙設計的元素體現在整體流線、自動門以及遍布公寓的附加把手?！酰S華青 譯）

項目信息/Credits and data

合作開發者/Co-developer: 橋區住房和社區住房聯合會/ Bridge Housing and Community Housing Partnership

合作建筑設計/Associated Architects: Saida+Sullivan Design Partners

景觀設計/Landscape Architects: GLS

結構工程師/Structural Engineers: Tipping Mar & Associates and Bello & Associates

機電暖通工程師/MEP Engineers: Ajmani & Pamidi

市政工程師/Civil Engineers: Luk & Associates

地質工程顧問/Geotechnical Consultants: Treadwell & Rollo聲學顧問/Acoustical Consultants: Charles M. Salter Associates防水顧問/Waterproofng Consultant: Gale Associates

照明顧問/Lighting Consultant: Architectural Lighting Design綠色性能評估/Green Rater: Sage Green Development

承建商/Contractor: Cahill Contractors

竣工時間/Completion: 2014

建筑面積/Floor Area: 6970m2

最終建設成本/Final Construction Cost: $31，700，000

單元數量/Units: 120

攝影/Photos: Tim Grifth （fg.1，3-5）

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2 總平面/Site plan

3 周邊/Neighborhood

1-零售/Retail

2-廢棄物/Trash

3-大廳/Lobby

4-入口庭院/Entry court

5-自行車停放區/Bike parking

6-可燃物/Fire

7-氣體汽油/Gas

8-電/Electric

9-接待/Reception

10-管理辦公室/Management ofce

11-會議咨詢區/Counseling suite

12-走廊/Mall

13-庭院/Courtyard

14-項目室/Program room

15-廚房/Kitchen

16-商店/Storage

17-商店/Shop+Storage

18-洗衣房/Laundry

19-休息廳/Lounge

As the first new building constructed in San Francisco's Transbay Redevelopment Area， Rene Casenave Apartments replaces a former freeway offramp and parking lot with innovative permanent supportive housing for formerly chronically homeless individuals who have physical and mental disabilities.

Transbay Redevelopment Area

The Transbay Redevelopment Project Area was created in 2005 to transform approximately 40 acres south of San Francisco's financial district between the existing Bay Bridge urban freeway and the new Transbay Terminal. The new Transbay terminal will replace the existing terminal and access ramps with a regional transit hub for buses and trains. Te project area concept plan includes high-density， transitoriented market rate and affordable residential and retail development along Folsom Street and office/ hotel development surrounding the new terminal. In addition， the concept plan incorporates signifcant new public improvements including major new parks， new pedestrian oriented alleyways and widened sidewalks.

Project Site

The project site is an irregular shaped former parking lot under a freeway ramp. It is the gateway site at the edge of the new Folsom Street residentialretail corridor in the heart of the Transbay neighborhood. Within the next few years， the area immediately surrounding the site will be transformed into Oscar Park， a multi-block under ramp pedestrian and bike friendly recreational area. This new park will reinforce the neighborhood's transit-oriented identity， foster community and create a destination.

Program

The building program consists of 120 miniapartments， support services， community spaces and amenities， in addition to neighborhood serving retail. In keeping with the transit-oriented location，the building has no parking on site. The project is permanent housing - residents may stay indefnitely as long as they meet the terms for their leases.

Residents

The building residents are exclusively very low-income individuals who have been homeless and have chronic substance abuse， mental and/or physical disabilities. They are served through the Department of Public Health's Direct Access to Housing （DAH） program. The DPH's Housing and Urban Health Unit will provide an operating subsidy and service funding. Tey have determined that the cost of permanent supportive housing is less than the cost of treating the same population off the street in the public health system.

Supportive Services

On-site supportive services include social services， educational/vocational counseling，substance abuse counseling， and physical and mental health treatment. Staff includes case workers， a nurse and a psychiatrist. Use of the services by tenants is voluntary.

Sustainability

Te project incorporated a wide variety of other sustainable design strategies. Tese strategies were developed and tracked under the Greenpoints， a rating system similar to LEED that was developed exclusively for residential projects by the Bay Area based Build-It-Green organization. The project achieved 187 points， equivalent to LEED high Gold/ low Platinum. The energy use of the building is modeled to be 29％ less for residential and 13％ less for non-residential than California's strict Title 24 energy regulations.

Resiliency

The concrete structural system utilized an innovative lateral bracing system that can provide resiliency from seismic events. Te building's concrete shear walls are post-tensioned which can help the building "right itself" at the end of an earthquake. Combined with the flexibility built into the exterior skin and mechanical systems， the potential for sheltering in place after an earthquake is enhanced.

Universal Design

Universal design is an important goal for this resident population with a higher percentage of physical disabilities. Universal design features included generous circulation paths， power assisted doors， and additional grab bars throughout.

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4 中庭/Atrium space

評論

布魯諾·斯塔尼奧：該建筑代表了工業化國家中可持續建筑的普遍原型?？沙掷m性通過設備和高科技材料的大量應用得以實現，而不是通過結合了環境變量的設計手段。這種方式對于發展中國家來說是難以負擔的，那里的建筑師通過他們的工藝技能實現對于可持續性建筑的設計，而不是依靠現代科技的大量使用。不難看出建筑外立面是由高性能隔熱材料組成，因為建筑朝向在基本方位以及利用日光方面均考慮欠佳。（王欣欣 譯）

范路：雷內·卡塞納韋公寓是座簡潔緊湊、設計細膩的現代住宅樓。針對被幫扶住戶的特殊需要，該項目在多個層次精心組織功能，這促進了公寓樓內以及樓內外間的交往活動，增強了社區凝聚力。而無障礙、門把手等細節設計，更在微觀層面表達了對使用者的關懷。此外，彈性結構的創新設計和屋頂太陽能等可持續處理，也在技術層面提升了該建筑的品質。

Comments

Bruno Stagno: This building represents a common archetype in sustainable architecture in industrialized countries. Sustainability is achieved through intensive use of equipment and high-tech materials， rather than by a design that incorporates environmental variables. Tis practice is unaffordable for developing countries where architects are turning their craft skills to design sustainable architecture， rather than the intensive use of technology. Te images show that facades are built with high performance insulation materials because neither elements that ft the orientation of the cardinal points nor sunshine are appreciated.

FAN Lu: Rene Casenave Apartments is a concise，

compact and modern residential building with

exquisite design. According to the special needs of

the residents who are exclusively very low-income

individuals， the program of the project is deliberately

organized to promote the communication inside or

around the apartments and to foster the community.

Universal designs including generous circulation

paths and additional grab bars and so on express the

further concern for everyday lives of the residents.

Moreover， the creative design of resilient structure and

application of sustainable design strategies improve

the quality of the building on technological level.

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5 內景/Interior view