趙 勇,劉先霞
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·論著·
心房顫動患者血清可溶性基質裂解素2表達水平及其與左心房重構的關系研究
趙 勇,劉先霞
570311海南省??谑?,海南省農墾總醫院心內科
【摘要】目的探討左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者血清可溶性基質裂解素2(sST-2)水平及其與左心房重構的關系。方法選取2013年度海南省農墾總醫院收治的年齡<75歲的左心室收縮功能正常的陣發性或持續性心房顫動患者86例作為試驗組,另選取同期在本院體檢健康,且性別和年齡與試驗組相匹配者86例作為對照組。收集受試者人口學資料和臨床基線資料,心臟超聲測量左心室舒張末期內徑、室間隔厚度,并計算左心室射血分數(LVEF)和左心房容積指數(LAVI)。采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)法檢測受試者血清sST-2水平。采用單因素及多因素Logistic回歸分析影響心房顫動發生的因素;采用Spearman相關分析和多元線性回歸分析sST-2水平與基線資料的相關性。結果對照組和試驗組性別、年齡、體質指數(BMI)、吸煙率、白細胞計數、估算腎小球濾過率(eGFR)、左心室舒張末期內徑、室間隔厚度及LVEF比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05);試驗組LAVI和sST-2水平均高于對照組(P<0.05)。陣發性心房顫動患者病程、LAVI和sST-2水平均低于持續性心房顫動患者(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結果顯示,LAVI和sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發生的獨立危險因素(P<0.05)。Spearman相關分析結果顯示,心房顫動患者年齡、病程和LAVI與sST-2水平呈正相關(r=0.188、0.350、0.404,P<0.05)。多元線性回歸分析結果顯示,LAVI是影響心房顫動患者sST-2水平的因素(P<0.05)。結論左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平明顯升高,在持續性心房顫動患者中更加明顯,且其是心房顫動發生的危險因素,與LAVI獨立相關。
【關鍵詞】心房顫動;可溶性基質裂解素2;左心房容積指數
趙勇,劉先霞.心房顫動患者血清可溶性基質裂解素2表達水平及其與左心房重構的關系研究[J].中國全科醫學,2016,19(20):2426-2429,2434.[www.chinagp.net]
ZHAO Y,LIU X X.Expression of serum souble ST-2 in patients with atrial fibrillation and its correlation with left atrial pemodeling[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(20):2426-2429,2434.
心房顫動是臨床中最常見的可導致嚴重并發癥的心律失常[1],發現和確定心房顫動發生與危險分層的生物學標志物具有重要意義[2]。基質裂解素2(ST-2)作為白介素(IL)-1受體家族成員,在體內分別以跨膜蛋白形式(ST-2L)和可溶性蛋白形式(sST-2)存在,通過與其配體IL-33結合參與調控組織纖維化作用[3]。早期研究發現,當心肌細胞或心肌成纖維細胞受到機械牽拉或應變力變化時,ST-2和IL-33表達明顯增加[4],兩者結合發揮抗肥厚和抗纖維化作用。而sST-2與IL-33結合作為IL-33/ST-2通路開關發揮與ST-2L相反的作用。當sST-2過度分泌時,ST-2L的有益作用被抵消,促進心肌細胞肥厚和纖維化。大量研究發現,sST-2水平升高與心力衰竭明顯相關,是心功能不全患者預后不良的獨立危險因子[5-6]。但sST-2水平與心房顫動和心房纖維化的關系目前還不清楚。本研究擬探討血清sST-2水平與左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者的關系,為臨床中應用sST-2作為心房顫動的生物學標志物積累資料。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象選取2013年度海南省農墾總醫院收治的年齡<75歲的左心室收縮功能正常的陣發性或持續性心房顫動患者86例(試驗組),其中陣發性心房顫動49例,持續性心房顫動37例。陣發性心房顫動定義為心房顫動在7 d內自行終止,持續性心房顫動定義為心房顫動發作持續7 d及以上,或者需要藥物/直流電復律轉律。排除高血壓、糖尿病、中重度心臟瓣膜病、先天性心臟病、酗酒史、甲狀腺功能異常、冠心病、腎功能不全、自身免疫性疾病、近期感染、妊娠和進行心房顫動射頻消融術者;左心房直徑>55 mm,或心功能不全者。另選取同期在本院體檢健康,且性別和年齡與試驗組相匹配者86例作為對照組。受試者入選前均被詳細告知試驗目的、風險和益處并簽署知情同意書,本研究所有流程符合赫爾辛基宣言臨床試驗準則,且獲得本院倫理委員會批準。
1.2資料收集收集所有受試者人口學資料和臨床基線資料。其中人口學資料包括性別、年齡、體質指數(BMI)和吸煙史,臨床基線資料包括病程、白細胞計數和估算腎小球濾過率(eGFR)。采用德國Philips IE33超聲顯像儀評估左心房結構和左心室功能,超聲探頭為S4超聲探頭,探頭頻率為2.5 MHz,受試者取左側臥位,平靜呼吸,固定二維左心室長軸切面圖像后,測量左心室舒張末期內徑、室間隔厚度,并計算左心室射血分數(LVEF)。使用雙平面面積-長度法計算左心房容積(LAV),左心房容積指數(LAVI)=LAV/體表面積,體表面積=0.006 1×身高+0.012 8×體質量-0.152 9。
1.3血清sST-2水平測定采集受試者晨起空腹靜脈血5 ml,以3 600 r/min離心5 min,分離血清,存儲于-80 ℃冰箱。采用人ST-2酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)檢測試劑盒(上海酶研生物科技有限公司)檢測sST-2水平。連續稀釋已知濃度的sST-2構建標準曲線,通過對數轉化計算樣本血清sST-2水平。

2結果
2.1對照組和試驗組基線資料和臨床資料比較兩組受試者性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙率、白細胞計數、eGFR、左心室舒張末期內徑、室間隔厚度及LVEF比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05);試驗組LAVI和sST-2水平均高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05,見表1)。
2.2陣發性和持續性心房顫動患者基線資料和臨床資料比較陣發性心房顫動和持續性心房顫動患者性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙率、白細胞計數、eGFR、左心室舒張末期內徑、室間隔厚度、LVEF比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05);陣發性心房顫動患者病程、LAVI和sST-2水平均低于持續性心房顫動患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05,見表2)。

表1 對照組和試驗組基線資料和臨床資料比較
注:a為χ2值,b為Z值,余檢驗統計量值為t值;BMI=體質指數,eGFR=估算腎小球濾過率,LVEF=左心室射血分數,LAVI=左心房容積指數,sST-2=可溶性基質裂解素2

表2 陣發性和持續性心房顫動患者基線資料和臨床資料比較
注:a為χ2值,b為Z值,余檢驗統計量值為t值
2.3單因素及多因素Logistic回歸分析以是否發生心房顫動(賦值:是=1,否=0)為因變量,分別以性別(賦值:男=1,女=0)、年齡、BMI、吸煙(賦值:是=1,否=0)、白細胞計數、eGFR、左心室舒張末期內徑、室間隔厚度、LVEF、LAVI和sST-2水平為自變量進行單因素Logistic回歸分析,結果顯示,LAVI和sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發生的因素(P<0.05,見表3)。以是否發生心房顫動為因變量,以LAVI和sST-2水平為自變量進行多因素Logistic回歸分析,結果顯示,LAVI和sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發生的獨立危險因素(P<0.05,見表4)。
表3心房顫動發生影響因素的單因素Logistic回歸分析
Table 3Univariate Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors for atrial fibrillation

因素βSEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值性別<0.0010.368<0.0011.000(0.487,2.055)0.878年齡0.0240.0181.9091.025(0.990,1.060)0.167BMI0.1400.0121.3421.014(0.990,1.039)0.247吸煙-0.3320.3091.1560.718(0.392,1.314)0.282白細胞計數-0.0300.0750.1670.970(0.838,1.123)0.683eGFR-1.5381.9540.6200.215(0.005,9.897)0.431左心室舒張末期內徑0.0070.1070.0051.008(0.818,1.242)0.944室間隔厚度0.0030.0040.4801.003(0.995,1.011)0.489LVEF-0.0180.0480.1390.982(0.893,1.080)0.710LAVI0.3200.8432.1101.390(1.220,1.550)0.030sST-25.1761.2496.300176.890(17.300,1829.160)0.010
表4心房顫動發生影響因素的多因素Logistic回歸分析
Table 4Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors for atrial fibrillation

因素βSEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值LAVI0.320.0241.2451.384(1.193,1.601)0.006sST-2-0.1331.83412.44087.532(6.065,1265.034)0.010
2.4相關性分析及多元線性回歸分析Spearman相關分析結果顯示,心房顫動患者年齡、病程和LAVI與sST-2水平呈正相關(r=0.188、0.350、0.404,P<0.05)。以sST-2水平為因變量,以年齡、病程、LAVI為自變量進行多元線性回歸分析,結果顯示,LAVI是影響心房顫動患者sST-2水平的因素(P<0.05,見表5)。
表5sST-2水平與基線資料的相關性分析及多元線性回歸分析
Table 5Correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis of sST-2 level and baseline data

因素Spearman相關分析r值 P值 多元線性回歸分析β SE t值 P值年齡0.1880.0240.0040.0020.4500.088BMI0.0850.294----病程0.3500.0030.0040.0050.4500.388白細胞計數0.0720.545----左心室舒張末期內徑0.1480.078----LVEF-0.1470.277----LAVI0.4040.0010.0310.0063.0730.006
注:-表示無此數值
3討論
研究發現,電重構、組織學重構是心房顫動發生、發展的核心機制[7]。心房纖維化是心房顫動引起電重構和組織學重構的重要標志[8-9]。無論是原發性心房顫動或繼發于瓣膜病的心房顫動患者均發現膠原過度沉積現象[10-11]。sST-2作為一種新型的生物學標志物,廣泛參與組織纖維化和心肌重塑。多項研究發現sST-2水平升高不僅是心力衰竭患者預后不良的重要標志,而且與心肌梗死后心肌壞死密切相關[12-13]。雖然心肌纖維化在心房顫動的發生、發展中扮演重要角色,但是,目前sST-2是否與心房顫動的發生和預后相關還不清楚。
本研究發現,左心室收縮功能正常的心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平較對照組明顯升高,而且持續性心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平明顯高于陣發性心房顫動患者,血清sST-2水平是影響心房顫動發生的因素。sST-2作為IL-1受體家族成員,當心肌細胞應變力增加時,刺激淋巴細胞和巨噬細胞分泌sST-2明顯增加[14]。研究發現,sST-2與肺臟、心臟、皮膚及腎臟纖維化等多種纖維化疾病密切相關[15]。心臟纖維化尤其是左心房纖維化是心房顫動發生的重要原因[8]。GURSES等[16]研究發現,心臟纖維化標志物半乳糖凝集素3(Galectin-3)與心房顫動發生明顯相關,尤其是持續性心房顫動患者血清Galectin-3表達水平更高。本研究采用sST-2作為心臟纖維化標志物探討心房纖維化與心房顫動的關系,與上述研究得出一致結論。近期一項有關sST-2與Galectin-3的對比研究發現,sST-2對心力衰竭患者危險分層和預后評估的價值明顯優于Galectin-3[17]。但對于心房顫動患者,sST-2與Galectin-3孰優孰劣,還需進一步的臨床研究探索。
本研究結果亦顯示,血清sST-2水平與LAVI獨立相關。LAVI作為心房顫動的重要評價指標,經體表面積校正后,能夠較好地反映心房顫動患者心房結構的變化。最新研究發現,LAVI不僅對心房顫動患者預測腦卒中和射頻消融術后心房顫動復發具有重要價值[18-19],而且是評價心房顫動患者心房纖維化的重要超聲學評價指標[20]。本研究發現心房顫動患者血清sST-2水平與LAVI獨立相關,進一步說明sST-2在調控心房顫動患者心房纖維化中扮演重要角色。但sST-2如何調控心房顫動這一復雜的病理生理過程還需進一步研究。
總之,sST-2作為一種新型心肌纖維化標志物,與心房顫動發生明顯相關。未來需進一步探討sST-2在判斷心房顫動預后、預測腦卒中發生和心房顫動消融后復發中的重要價值。本研究的不足在于,sST-2并非心臟特異標志物,可能受其他系統纖維化疾病影響。另外,本研究僅確定了sST-2與心房顫動的相關性,但不能確定兩者的因果關系。
作者貢獻:趙勇進行試驗設計與實施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負責;劉先霞進行試驗實施、評估、資料收集,并進行質量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:賈萌萌)
Expression of Serum Souble ST-2 in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Its Correlation With Left Atrial Remodeling
ZHAOYong,LIUXian-xia.
DepartmentofCardiology,HainanProvincialNongkenGeneralHospital,Haikou570311,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of serum souble ST-2(sST-2)in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients with normal left ventricular systolic function and its correlation with left atrial remodeling.MethodsWe enrolled 86 paroxysmal or persistent AF patients with normal left ventricular systolic function aged <75 who received treatment in Hainan Provincial Nongken General Hospital in 2013 as trial group,and enrolled 86 healthy matched in gender and age who received physical examination in the same period in the hospital as control group.Demographic data and clinical data of the subjects were collected.We measured left ventricular end diastolic dimension and interventricular septal thickness using cardiac uhrasonography,and calculated LVEF and LAVI.ELISA was performed to determine the serum sST-2 level of the subjects.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for AF,and Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between sST-2 level and baseline data.ResultsControl group and trial group were not significantly different in gender,age,BMI,smoking rate,WBC,eGFR,left ventricular end diastolic dimension,interventricular septal thickness and LVEF(P>0.05);trial group was higher than control group in LAVI and sST-2 level(P<0.05).Paroxysmal AF patients had shorter disease course and lower LAVI and sST-2 level than persistent AF patients(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that LAVI and sST-2 level were risk factors for AF(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that age,length of disease course and LAVI had positive correlation with sST-2 level(r=0.188,0.350,0.404,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that LAVI was an influencing factor for the sST-2 level of AF patients(P<0.05).ConclusionAF patients with normal left ventricular systolic function see obvious elevation in serum sST-2 level,especially for patients with persistent AF.Serum sST-2 level is a risk factor for AF and is independently correlated with LAVI.
【Key words】Atrial fibrillation;Soluble ST-2;Left atrial volume index
通信作者:趙勇,570311 海南省??谑校D鲜∞r墾總醫院心內科;E-mail:zhaoyong19771@163.com
【中圖分類號】R 541.75
【文獻標識碼】A
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.20.014
(收稿日期:2015-07-31;修回日期:2016-01-29)