黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文,譚志發
?
·論著·
中性粒細胞/淋巴細胞比值與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關系研究
黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文,譚志發
528400廣東省中山市小欖人民醫院心血管內科(黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文),超聲科( 譚志發)
【摘要】目的探究中性粒細胞/淋巴細胞比值(NLR)與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關系。方法選取2013年1月—2015年10月在中山市小欖人民醫院心血管內科住院的高血壓患者46例,根據是否合并左心室舒張功能不全分為對照組(未合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=30)和觀察組(合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=16)。比較兩組患者實驗室檢查指標〔包括低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、纖維蛋白原(FIB)及C反應蛋白(CRP)〕及超聲心動圖檢查結果〔包括左心室射血分數(LVEF)、左心室舒張末期內徑(LVEDd)、左心室收縮末期內徑 (LVESd)、室間隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、舒張早期E峰峰速/舒張晚期A峰峰速(E/A)比值、E峰減速時間(EDT)、左房室瓣舒張早期血流峰速度/左房室瓣環舒張早期運動峰速度(E/Ea)〕,比較不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT,并分析NLR與E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT的相關性。結果觀察組患者HDL-C和TG水平低于對照組(P<0.05);兩組患者LDL-C、FIB、CRP水平比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者LVEF、LVEDd及LVESd比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者IVS、LVPW、E/Ea及NLR大于對照組,EDT短于對照組,E/A比值小于對照組(P<0.05)。根據左心室舒張功能不全分級標準將觀察組患者分為Ⅰ級9例,Ⅱ級4例,Ⅲ級3例。Ⅲ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者(P<0.05);Ⅱ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級患者(P<0.05)。Pearson直線相關性分析結果顯示,NLR與E/A比值(r=0.395,P<0.05)、E/Ea(r=0.419,P<0.05)呈正相關,與EDT呈負相關(r=-0.17,P<0.05)。結論NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全嚴重程度有關,可作為高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的預測指標。
【關鍵詞】高血壓;舒張功能不全;中性粒細胞;淋巴細胞
黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文,等.中性粒細胞/淋巴細胞比值與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關系研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(6):19-22.[www.syxnf.net]
HUANG N H,LIN R J,KONG Q W,et al.Relationship between neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(6):19-22.
高血壓對左心室舒張功能的影響早于收縮功能,且左心室舒張功能不全是射血分數正常的心力衰竭(HF-NEF)患者潛在的病理生理改變[1],故評估左心室舒張功能對預測高血壓患者早期心功能不全具有重要的臨床意義。目前,臨床診斷左心室舒張功能不全主要依據超聲心動圖,但因其缺乏特異性表現而常造成漏診,故尋找預測左心室舒張功能不全的可靠生化指標是目前的研究熱點之一。大量研究表明,中性粒細胞/淋巴細胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)是外周血管病變、鈣化性主動脈瓣狹窄及冠狀動脈疾病嚴重程度、危險分層、預后的預測指標[2-6],其不僅可以預測心血管疾病,還可以預測非心臟疾病(包括腫瘤、血液系統疾病、免疫系統疾病、感染性疾病等),但目前國內關于NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全相關性的研究報道較少。本研究旨在探討NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關系,為高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的診斷提供幫助。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選取2013年1月—2015年10月在中山市小欖人民醫院心血管內科住院的高血壓患者46例,均為新近診斷為高血壓或已診斷為高血壓但未進行藥物治療者?;颊呷朐汉蠹纯绦谐曅膭訄D檢查,根據是否合并左心室舒張功能不全分為對照組(未合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=30)和觀察組(合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=16)。觀察組中男10例,女6例;平均年齡(50.2±4.3)歲。對照組中男18例,女12例;平均年齡(49.5±7.3)歲。兩組患者性別(χ2=0.027)、年齡(t=0.351)比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。排除標準:(1)正在進行藥物治療的高血壓患者;(2)合并腦血管疾病、腫瘤、肝腎功能不全、急慢性感染、血液系統疾病、內分泌系統疾病、免疫系統疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心房顫動、結締組織疾病、風濕性心臟瓣膜病、心肌病、先天性心臟病患者;(3)瓣膜移植術后患者。
1.2左心室舒張功能不全診斷標準[7](1)有典型的心力衰竭癥狀和體征;(2)左心室射血分數(LVEF)正?;蜉p度下降(≥45%),且左心室不大;(3)有相關結構性心臟病存在的證據(如左心室肥厚、左心房擴大)和/或舒張功能不全;(4)經超聲心動圖檢查證實無心臟瓣膜疾病,并排除心包疾病、肥厚型心肌病、限制型(浸潤性)心肌病等。
1.3方法
1.3.1血液標本收集及檢測方法所有患者于入院當天靜息狀態下臥位抽取肘靜脈血,采用血細胞分析儀(日本希斯美康Sysmex XE2100+Sp-1000i)檢測中性粒細胞、淋巴細胞,并計算NLR;同時檢測低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、纖維蛋白原(FIB)及C反應蛋白(CRP)等。
1.3.2超聲心動圖檢查所有患者入院后由中山市小欖人民醫院經驗豐富的超聲科醫師行超聲心動圖檢查,儀器為美國GE公司生產的Vivid E9彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,配備頻率為1.7~3.3 MHz的M5S探頭、TDI軟件及Echopac內置工作站。檢測LVEF、左心室舒張末期內徑(LVEDd)、左心室收縮末期內徑 (LVESd)、室間隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、舒張早期E峰峰速/舒張晚期A峰峰速(E/A)比值、E峰減速時間(EDT)、左房室瓣舒張早期血流峰速度/左房室瓣環舒張早期運動峰速度(E/Ea)。
1.4左心室舒張功能不全分級Ⅰ級(松弛受損型):年齡<55歲者左房室瓣E/A比值<1或EDT>240 ms,年齡>55歲者E/A比值<0.8、EDT>240 ms;E/A比值正常和/或EDT>240 ms者等容舒張時間(IVRT)>90 ms。Ⅱ級(假性正?;?:左房室瓣E/A比值為1.0~1.5、EDT>240 ms;出現以下任一情況者:IVRT<90 ms或經Valsalva動作證實E/A比值<1。Ⅲ級(限制性充盈):EDT<60 ms,并出現以下一種以上情況者:左心房內徑>50 mm,E/A比值>1.5,IVRT<70 ms。
1.5觀察指標比較兩組患者實驗室檢查指標及超聲心動圖檢查結果,比較不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT,并分析NLR與E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT的相關性。

2結果
2.1兩組患者實驗室檢查指標比較觀察組患者HDL-C和TG水平低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);兩組患者LDL-C、FIB、CRP水平比較,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05,見表1)。

Table1Comparisonoflaboratoryexaminationresultsbetweenthetwogroups

組別例數LDL-C(mmol/L)HDL-C(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)FIB(g/L)CRP(mg/L)對照組302.85±0.981.25±0.261.98±0.712.25±0.420.38±0.19觀察組163.04±0.791.07±0.461.67±0.942.40±0.580.39±0.15t值1.3051.4232.7124.3034.562P值0.2670.0380.0160.1060.759
注:LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白膽固醇,TG=三酰甘油,FIB=纖維蛋白原,CRP=C反應蛋白;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa
2.2兩組患者超聲心動圖檢查結果及NLR比較兩組患者LVEF、LVEDd及LVESd比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者IVS、LVPW、E/Ea及NLR大于對照組,EDT短于對照組,E/A比值小于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.3不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT比較根據左心室舒張功能不全分級標準將觀察組患者分為Ⅰ級9例,Ⅱ級4例,Ⅲ級3例。不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者間NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT比較,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);其中Ⅲ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);Ⅱ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05,見表3)。

Table 3Comparison of NLR,E/A ratio,E/Ea and EDT in hypertension patients with different grades of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

左心室舒張功能不全分級例數NLRE/A比值E/EaEDT(ms)Ⅰ級92.70±0.850.77±0.217.20±0.86227.12±11.92Ⅱ級43.80±0.98a1.14±0.26a12.49±1.47a195.25±7.82aⅢ級34.79±0.88ab2.27±0.15ab15.88±3.42ab146.67±12.05abF值6.8954.7936.0947.53P值0.010.000.000.00
注:與Ⅰ級比較,aP<0.05;與Ⅱ級比較,bP<0.05
2.4相關性分析Pearson直線相關性分析結果顯示,NLR與E/A比值(r=0.395,P<0.05)、E/Ea(r=0.419,P<0.05)呈正相關,與EDT呈負相關(r=-0.170,P<0.05)。
3討論
充血性心力衰竭是心血管疾病患者死亡的主要原因之一,而高血壓是心力衰竭的主要病因[8]。高血壓可引起左心室向心性肥厚和心室重構,導致左心室松弛和充盈受損,即舒張功能不全,且舒張功能不全常發生在收縮功能不全之前。臨床研究顯示,左心室舒張功能不全患者初期可無明顯的臨床癥狀,而一旦出現心力衰竭癥狀及體征則可能已發展為舒張期心力衰竭,但采用組織多普勒成像技術測定左心室壁心肌縱向運動時發現,單純舒張功能不全患者存在左心室壁心肌縱向運動異常,因此臨床常根據LVEF將充血性心力衰竭分為收縮期心力衰竭和舒張期心力衰竭,而舒張期心力衰竭又稱為HF-NEF或收縮功能保留的心力衰竭(HF-PSF)[9]。

表2 兩組患者超聲心動圖檢查結果及NLR比較±s)
注:LVEF=左心室射血分數,LVEDd=左心室舒張末期內徑,LVESd=左心室收縮末期內徑,IVS=室間隔厚度,LVPW=左心室后壁厚度,E/A=舒張早期E峰峰速/舒張晚期A峰峰速,E/Ea=左房室瓣舒張早期血流峰速度/左房室瓣環舒張早期運動峰速度,EDT=E峰減速時間,NLR=中性粒細胞/淋巴細胞比值
與左心室收縮功能不全相比,左心室舒張功能不全常被臨床醫生忽略,但其對患者預后卻具有重要影響。研究表明,左心室舒張功能不全是心力衰竭和心血管不良事件的重要潛在病理生理基礎[10],且其臨床診斷相對困難[11],故常出現漏診。為了提高左心室舒張功能不全已的診斷準確率,積極尋找可靠的生化指標預測左心室舒張功能不全已成為目前的研究熱點之一。
NLR是新近發現的能預測心血管疾病的臨床標志物,已廣泛應用于臨床。研究表明,NLR在評估冠心病患者病死率、ST抬高型心肌梗死患者發病率及支架內血栓形成發生風險等方面均具有重要的指導意義[12-14],且NLR異常常被認為是輕度促炎反應所致。促炎反應可引起舒張功能不全和HF-PEF患者早期各種炎性標志物水平升高[15],故NLR異??赡芘c舒張功能不全有關。臨床研究顯示,E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT是反映心室舒張功能的常用指標,其中E/A比值與左心室舒張功能不全分級有關;E/Ea與左心室充盈壓及肺毛細血管契壓高度相關,能反映早期舒張功能減退情況;當心肌松弛性減弱時EDT延長,心肌順應性減弱時EDT縮短。
本研究結果顯示,觀察組患者IVS、LVPW、E/Ea及NLR大于對照組,EDT短于對照組,E/A比值小于對照組,提示高血壓患者在心室肥厚現象;且隨著左心室舒張功能不全分級增加患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea逐漸增大,EDT逐漸縮短,提示NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea增大及EDT縮短與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全有關。本研究進行的相關性分析發現,NLR與E/A值、E/Ea呈正相關,與EDT呈負相關,提示NLR越高,高血壓患者左心室舒張功能減退程度越嚴重。
綜上所述,NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全嚴重程度有關,且檢測NLR簡單易行、費用少,可作為高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的預測指標,可在基層醫院推廣應用。
作者貢獻:黃南和進行實驗設計與實施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負責;林潤杰、譚志發進行實驗實施、評估、資料收集;孔倩文進行質量控制及審校。
本文無利益沖突。
參考文獻
[1]AZIZ F,THAZHATAUVEETIL-KUNHAHAMED L A,ENWELUZO C,et al.Heart failure with preserved EF:abird eye view[J].J Nepal Med Assoc,2013,52(190):405-412.
[3]A?AR G,FIDAN S,USLU Z A,et al.Relationship of neutrophIL-lymphocyte ratio with the presence,severity,and extent of coronary atherosclerosis detected by coronary computed tomography angiography[J].Angiology,2015,66(2):174-179.
[4]ARBEL Y,FINKELSTEIN A,HALKIN A,et al.Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is related to the severity of coronary artery disease and clinical outcome in patients undergoing angiography[J].Atherosclerosis,2012,225(2): 456-460.
[5]AVCI A,ELNUR A,G?KSEL A,et al.The relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and calcific aortic stenosis[J].Echocardiography,2014,31(9):1031-1035.
[6]SHAH N,PARIKH V,PATEL N,et al.Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio significantly improves the Framingham risk score in prediction of coronary heart disease mortality:insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-Ⅲ[J].Int J Cardiol,2014,171(3):390-397.
[7]中華醫學會心血管病學分會.中華醫學會心血管病雜志編輯委員會.慢性心力衰竭診斷治療指南[J].中華心血管病雜志,2007,5(12):1076-1095.
[8]PELA G,REGOLISTI G,COBASSI A,et al.Effects of the reduction of preload on left and right ventricular myocardial velocities analyzed by Doppler tissue echocardiography in healthy subjects[J].Eur J Echocardiogr,2004,5(4):262-271.
[9]GIORGI D,BELLO V D,PEDRINELLI R,et al.Ultrasonic tissue characterization and Doppler tissue imaging in the analysis of left ventricular function in essential arterial hypertension:a preliminary study[J].Echocardiography,2002,19(3):187-198.
[10]SHAH A M,CLAGGETT B,SWEITZER N K,et al.Cardiac structure and function and prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction:findings from the echocardiographic study of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) Trial[J].Circ Heart Fail,2014,7(5):740-751.
[11]BORBELY A,VAN DER VELDEN J,PAPP Z,et al.Cardiomyocyte stiffness in diastolic heart failure[J].Circulation,2005,111(5):774-781.
[12]PARK J J,JANG H J,OH I Y,et al.Prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention[J].Am J Cardiol,2013,111(5):636-642.
[13]AY?A B,AKIN F,CELIK O,et al.Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio is related to stent thrombosis and high mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J].Angiology,2014,66(6):545-552.
[14]Ayca B,Akin F,Celik O,et al.The relationship between the neutrophIL-lymphocyte ratio and the coronary collateral circulation in patients with chronic total occlusion[J].Angiology,2015,29(4): 360-366.
[15]O′MEARA E,DE DENUS S,ROULEAU J L,et al.Circulating biomarkers in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction[J].Curr Heart Fail Rep,2013,10(4):350-358.
(本文編輯:謝武英)
【中圖分類號】R 544.1
【文獻標識碼】A
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.06.005
(收稿日期:2016-02-15;修回日期:2016-05-31)
Relationship Between Neutrophils/Lymphocyte Ratio and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction of Patients With Hypertensio
HUANGNan-he,LINRun-jie,KONGQian-wen,TANZhi-fa.
DepartmentofCardiology,XiaolanPeople′sHospitalofZhongshan,Zhongshan528400,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension.MethodsFrom January 2013 to October 2015 in the Department of Cardiology,Xiaolan People′s Hospital of Zhongshan,a total of 46 patients with hypertension were selected,and they were divided into control group(did not complicated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=30)and observation group(complicated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=16).Laboratory examination results(including LDL-C,HDL-C,TG FIB and CRP)and echocardiography examination results(including LVEF,LVEDd,LVESd,IVS,LVPW,E/A ratio,EDT and E/Ea)were compared between the two groups;NLR,E/A ratio,E/Ea,and EDT were compared in hypertension patients with different grades of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,and correlation between NLR and E/A ratio,and E/Ea and EDT was respectively analyzed.ResultsHDL-C and TG of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of LDL-C,FIB or CRP was found between the two groups(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of LVEF,LVEDd or LVESd was found between the two groups(P>0.05);IVS,LVPW,E/Ea and NLR of observation group were statistically significantly larger than those of control group,EDT of observation group was statistically significantly shorter than that of control group,while E/A ratio of observation group was statistically significantly smaller than that of control group(P<0.05).According to the grades of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,patients of observation groups were divided into three subgroups:A group(with Ⅰ-grade left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=9),B group(with Ⅱ-grade left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=4)and C group(with Ⅲ-grade left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=3).NLR,E/A ratio and E/Ea of C group were statistically significantly larger than those of A group and B group,while EDT of observation group was statistically significantly shorter than that of A group and B group,respectively(P<0.05);NLR,E/A ratio and E/Ea of B group were statistically significantly larger than those of A group,while EDT of B group was statistically significantly shorter than that of A group(P<0.05).Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that,NLR was positively correlated with E/A ratio(r=0.395,P<0.05),with E/Ea(r=0.419,P<0.05),respectively,was negatively correlated with EDT(r=-0.17,P<0.05).ConclusionNLR is correlated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension,can be used as predictive index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension.
【Key words】Hypertension;Diastolic dysfunction;Neutrophils;Lymphocytes