北京山區3種典型人工林群落結構及穩定性1)

張鵬　王新杰　王勇　喬永　徐雪蕾　廖祥龍　李靜

(北京林業大學，北京，100083)

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北京山區3種典型人工林群落結構及穩定性1)

張鵬王新杰王勇喬永徐雪蕾廖祥龍李靜

(北京林業大學，北京，100083)

根據鷲峰國家森林公園中的調查數據，對3種典型人工林群落(落葉松林、栓皮櫟林、油松林)結構以及物種多樣性進行了分析。結果表明：多樣性指數Shannon-Weiner指數和Simpson指數分別對群落各層的生物多樣性的表現一致，落葉松林中草本層物種多樣性最大，栓皮櫟林中灌木層物種多樣性最大，而油松林中喬木層物種多樣性最大。采用M-Gordon穩定性測定方法對3種人工林群落穩定性進行分析，發現3種人工林群落基本都處于穩定狀態，群落穩定性由大到小的順序為油松林、栓皮櫟林和落葉松林，其變化趨勢與整個群落的物種豐富的變化趨勢一致，即群落中喬木層、灌木層以及草本層的物種越豐富，群落越穩定。

人工林群落結構；物種多樣性；群落穩定性；多樣性指數

With the survey data in Jiufeng National Forest Park, we studied the community structure and species diversity of three kinds of typical artificial forest (Larixgmelinii,QuercusvariabilisandPinustabulaeformis). The diversity index were consistent with the Simpson index of the biological diversity of the layers, with the largest species diversity of herb layer inL.gmeliniiisplantation, the largest species diversity of shrub layer inQ.variabilisplantation, and the largest species diversity of tree layer ofP.tabulaeformisplantation. We used M-Gordon stability determination to analyze three kinds of plantation community stability. Three kinds of plantation community basically were in a stable state, the community stability descending order wasP.tabulaeformis,Q.variabilisandL.gmelinii, and the change tendency of the community stability and the whole community species richness were consistent. Therefore, the more abundant the communities in tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer species are, the greater the stability of the community is.

穩定性是指生態系統在一定邊界范圍內保持恒定或某一特定狀態的歷時長度，是群落外部條件發生變化或存在擾動時系統維持不變的能力，是森林群落或森林生態系統存在的必要條件和功能表現[1]。森林群落物種多樣性的高低直接影響到群落的生態效益，具有較高物種多樣性的森林群落，能形成更穩定的有序的耗散結構，在維持陸地生態系統的穩定性中比低物種多樣性的群落有更大的生態意義[2-6]。以鷲峰……