華西亞高山植物園多鱗杜鵑的開花物候與生殖特征1)

陶銳　蔡仕珍　　　　馬文寶　姬慧娟　郭洪英　劉興良

(四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，成都，611130)　　　　　　　　　　　　　(四川省林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院)

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華西亞高山植物園多鱗杜鵑的開花物候與生殖特征1)

陶銳蔡仕珍馬文寶姬慧娟郭洪英劉興良

(四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，成都，611130)(四川省林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院)

通過運(yùn)用開花物候指標(biāo)，于2014年和2015年分別對分布于華西亞高山植物園內(nèi)的多鱗杜鵑進(jìn)行開花物候觀察、統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析。結(jié)果表明：多鱗杜鵑花期為4月上旬至5月初，種群、個體、花序和單花水平上花期持續(xù)時間分別為24～25、22、13～15、7～9 d。單花開花進(jìn)程依其開花形態(tài)和散粉特征可分為散粉前期、散粉初期、散粉盛期和散粉末期。多鱗杜鵑具有較高的花期同步指數(shù)0.815，開花進(jìn)程呈單峰曲線，表現(xiàn)出一種“大量、集中”的開花式樣；個體相對開花強(qiáng)度分布頻率集中在10%～50%。開花物候指數(shù)與座果數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性分析表明，始花時間與花期持續(xù)時間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)，花期持續(xù)時間及開花數(shù)與座果數(shù)均呈顯著正相關(guān)。多鱗杜鵑開花物候在種群內(nèi)年度間的相似性說明，植物個體開花物候進(jìn)程很大程度上是由其遺傳因子決定的，而開花物候在年度間的變異，可能是由于氣候環(huán)境的差異(主要是溫度和降水量)引起的。“集中開花模式”、較高的同步指數(shù)和較長花期持續(xù)時間是多鱗杜鵑適應(yīng)高山環(huán)境的生殖特性。

多鱗杜鵑；開花物候；相對開花強(qiáng)度；開花同步性；座果數(shù)

By applying flowering phenology indicators, observation, statistics and analysis of flowering phenology ofRhododendronpolylepisdistributed in West China Subalpine Botanical Garden were conducted in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The flowering period ofR.polylepisis in the first ten days in April to early May, and flowering duration period of species, individual, single flower level is 24-25 d, 22 d, 13-15 d and 7-9 d, respectively. Single flowering processes, according to their flowering shape and pollinating characteristics, can be divided into pre-pollinating, initial pollinating, peak pollinating and late pollinating phases.R.polylepishas a relatively high index of synchronous flowering of 0.815, and blooming process is with a single peak curve, showing a “substantial, concentrated” flowering pattern, and individual relative flowering intensity frequency distribution is concentrated in 10%-50%. By the correlation analysis between flowering phenology indicators and fruiting number, initial flowering time has significant negative correlation with flowering duration time, and flowering duration time is significantly positively correlated with fruiting number. By comparingR.polylepisflowering phenology among populations in different years, plant individual flowering phenology process is largely determined by genetic factors, and the inter-annual variation of flowering phenology may be caused by differences in climate and environment (mainly temperature and rainfall). “Centralized flowering mode”, higher synchrony index and longer flowering duration are reproductive characteristics ofR.polylepisto adapt to high mountain environment.

開花物候是植物中研究最多的特征之一，具有植物生態(tài)學(xué)方面的潛在進(jìn)化意義[1-2]。……