明文勇 ,段 琦,亢建平,韓 升,張 偉,呂 劍
(1.山東華安新材料有限公司, 山東 淄博 255300;2. 西安近代化學研究所, 陜西 西安 710065)
1,4-丁二醇反應研究進展
明文勇1,段 琦1,亢建平2,韓 升2,張 偉2,呂 劍2
(1.山東華安新材料有限公司, 山東 淄博 255300;2. 西安近代化學研究所, 陜西 西安 710065)
本文對1,4-丁二醇的概況、可參與的反應及其下游產品進行了詳細綜述。
1,4-丁二醇 反應 應用
1,4-丁二醇是一種重要的的有機和精細化工原料,其衍生物更是附加價值高的精細化工產品,廣泛應用于醫藥、化工、紡織、造紙、汽車和日用化工等領域。由于1,4-丁二醇結構中含有兩個活潑羥基,決定了其化學性質較活潑,可參與多種反應,本文對1,4-丁二醇參與的各類反應進行綜述。
1,4-丁二醇(簡稱BDO)是一種重要的有機和精細化工原料,英文名為1,4-butanediol,CAS號為110-63-4,無色粘稠狀液體。我國BDO產能的增加速度遠超過市場需求的增長速度,BDO產能過剩問題嚴重。近年來,由于對它的下游產品需求量增長很快,且它的衍生物新用途也正在不斷地延伸和拓展,需求量也在不斷擴大,因此加強它的下游產品的開發迫在眉睫。
1,4-丁二醇是典型的二元醇,結構中含有兩個活潑羥基,決定了其化學性質較活潑,可參與多種反應。根據其參與反應的類型可分為氧化反應、取代反應、硝基化反應、脫水反應、脫氫反應、聚合反應等,如圖1所示。
2.1 氧化反應
Shahriar等[1-2]等采用R3NH[CrO3F]、R3NH[CrO3Cl]為氧化劑實現了微波室溫條件下選擇性氧化1,4-丁二醇中的一個醇基為醛基。Thomas等[3]采用COCl2為氧化劑, DMSO為溶劑將1,4-丁二醇中的兩個醇基同時氧化為醛基,收率為80%。Svetlakov等[4]采用HNO3為氧化劑, 在25~30℃條件下將1,4-丁二醇氧化為1,4-丁二酸,收率90%。Atsushi等[5]在光照條件下使1,4-丁二醇發生需氧氧化生成乳醇,收率86%。Huang等[6]采用Au/γ-AlOOH 和 Au/γ-Al2O3為催化劑,氧氣為氧化劑,將1,4-丁二醇氧化為γ-丁內酯,重點考察了載體表面酸性、金離子尺寸對催化活性的影響。
2.2 取代反應
1,4-丁二醇末端羥基可被鹵原子[7](氟、氯、溴、碘、疊氮)等基團取代,生成相應的氯代烷烴。Swati等[8-9]報道在HBr、 H2O存在下100℃, 48 h條件下, 以88%的收率得到1,4-二溴丁烷。Schunck等[10]報道在HBr、 H2O存在下苯為溶劑回流12h得到單取代產物4-溴丁醇,收率68%。Dzhemilev等[11]報道在高壓釜中以1,4-丁二醇為原料,Mo(CO)6為催化劑, CCl4為溶劑, 140℃,3 h條件下得到含氯單取代產物4-氯丁醇,收率為98%。Ding等[12]以1,4-丁二醇為原料經溴代、疊氮化兩步反應得到4-疊氮丁醇。Wolfgang等[13]采用光氣在HCl、DMF存在下以98%的收率獲得雙取代產物1,4-二氯丁烷。Berridge,等[14]報道以1,4-丁二醇為原料經四步反應得含氟單取代產物4-氟丁醇。Ferreri等[15]以1,4-丁二醇、碘甲烷為原料,PdCl2為催化劑以96%的收率獲得1,4-二碘丁烷。
2.3 硝基化反應
Sarlauskas等[16]報道以N2O5為硝基化試劑, CH2Cl2為溶劑, 溫度為-15 ~15℃條件下1,4-丁二醇發生硝基化反應。Braune等[17]報道以1,4-丁二醇為原料,二氯甲烷為溶劑,85%HNO3與尿素作為硝基化試劑,溫度控制在10~ 25℃間生成了1,4-丁二醇的單硝基化產物與雙硝基化產物混合物。

圖1 1,4-丁二醇衍生反應
2.4 脫水反應

2.5 脫氫反應
Chaudhari等[22]報道在催化劑為Pt,添加劑為CaCO3經三步反應生成1,4-丁-2-烯二醇。Pillai
等[23]報道以1,4-丁二醇為原料在催化劑為Cr、Cu存在下經氣相脫氫生成1,4-丁二烯。Zhao、Ishii, 等[24-25]報道1,4-丁二醇在Ru催化劑存在下205℃,10h脫氫生成γ一丁內酯。
2.6 聚合反應
Diaz等[26]以1,4-丁二醇與乙炔為原料經七步反應以85%的收率合成多環醚。Mukai等[27]報道1,4-丁二醇發生分子間脫水后經聚合反應生成丙酸酯聚合物。
2.7 成環反應
Lan等[28]以1,4-丁二醇與丁醛為原料在甲苯溶劑中130℃、2h生成七元環二縮醛。Lee等[29]報道以1,4-丁二醇與甲胺為原料在250℃條件下成環生成N-甲基吡咯啉。Bogatskii[30]報道1,4-丁二醇與甲醛關環生成1.3-二氧環戊烷。Segawa等[31]報道以1,4-丁二醇為原料,In2O3為催化劑,固定床反應器上375℃反應5 h,生成60.8%的3-丁醇和20.4%的γ一丁內酯。Reddy等[32]以Co-Cu/MgO為催化劑,250℃條件下1,4-丁二醇發生脫氫、脫水反應關環生成四氫呋喃與γ一丁內酯的混合物,催化劑的制備方法對反應路徑有很大的影響。Klinger等[33]以1,4-丁二醇與氨氣為原料在Fe催化劑存在下250℃條件下生成氮氧六元雜環。
綜上所述,1,4-丁二醇原料易得、具有一定的化學活性,能參與多種不同類型的反應生成相應的下游產品,已開發的下游產品主要有四氫呋喃(THF)、γ-丁內酯(GBL)、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚四亞甲基乙二醇醚(PTMEG)、N-甲基呲咯烷酮(NMP)雖由1,4-丁二醇為原料也可生成1,4-二氯丁烷、1,4-丁二酸(琥珀酸)、1,3-丁二烯等,但在經濟上不可行。根據其可參與的反應,還可用于生產吡咯,國內生產吡咯廠家較少,且吡咯價格較高,利潤空間較大??傊?,1,4-丁二醇衍生物用途十分廣泛,市場前景較好。因此,以1,4-丁二醇為原料對其下游產品的開發具有重要的意義。
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(本文文獻格式:明文勇 ,段 琦,亢建平,等.1,4-丁二醇反應研究進展[J].山東化工,2016,45(14):37-39.)
Progress in Research of 1,4-Butanediol Reaction
MingWenyong1*,DuanQi1,KangJianping2,HanSheng2,ZhangWei2,LvJian2
(1.ShanDong Huaan new material Co., Ltd., Zibo 255300 China; 2.Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Instiute, Xi'an 710065.China)
The property, related reaction, application fields of 1,4-butanediol were reviewed in this article.
1,4-butanediol;properties;reaction;application
2016-05-07
明文勇(1966—),山東淄博人,高級工程師,主要從事化工工藝技術開發。
TQ2231.6+4
A
1008-021X(2016)14-0037-03