釣魚(yú)城

釣魚(yú)城

釣魚(yú)城：世界中古史上的英雄名城

釣魚(yú)城屹立在重慶市合川區(qū)東城半島的釣魚(yú)山上，枕嘉陵江、涪江、渠江交匯之口，三面據(jù)江，危崖拔地，是迄今我國(guó)保存最完好的古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)遺址。

宋蒙（元）戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，四川安撫制置使兼知重慶府余玠為抗擊蒙古軍隊(duì)的進(jìn)攻，采納播州（今貴州遵義）冉琎、冉璞兄弟的謀略筑城釣魚(yú)山，并徙合州及石照縣治于其上，屯兵積糧，以作重慶屏障。

從公元1243年到1279年，南宋合州軍民在守將王堅(jiān)、張玨的率領(lǐng)下，憑藉釣魚(yú)城天險(xiǎn)，嬰城固守，浴血奮戰(zhàn)，歷經(jīng)大小戰(zhàn)斗200余次，抵御了當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最強(qiáng)大的軍事力量—蒙（元）精銳之師，創(chuàng)造了守城抗戰(zhàn)36年這一古今中外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)史上罕見(jiàn)的奇跡。公元1259年，蒙哥大汗（元憲宗）在釣魚(yú)城下戰(zhàn)死，致使蒙古汗國(guó)從歐亞戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)全面撤軍。釣魚(yú)城由此以“延續(xù)宋祚，緩解歐亞戰(zhàn)禍，阻止蒙古向非洲擴(kuò)張”的豐功偉績(jī)震驚了世界。

在2.5平方公里的主景區(qū)內(nèi)，現(xiàn)留存有8公里的城坦、8座城門(mén)、炮臺(tái)、水軍碼頭、兵工坊、暗道出口、軍營(yíng)較場(chǎng)、天池泉井等南宋軍事及生活設(shè)施遺址；有遠(yuǎn)古遺跡的釣魚(yú)臺(tái)、唐代懸空臥佛、千佛崖、彌勒站佛、800年古桂樹(shù)、天泉洞、薄刀嶺、三龜石、護(hù)國(guó)寺、忠義祠、三圣巖、魚(yú)山八景等名勝古跡。

1982年，釣魚(yú)城被國(guó)務(wù)院公布為第一批國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，1996年又被國(guó)務(wù)院公布為第四批全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，是重慶市唯一的同時(shí)擁有國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位殊榮的景區(qū)。目前，釣魚(yú)城已進(jìn)入世界文化遺產(chǎn)申報(bào)名錄、正創(chuàng)建國(guó)家5A級(jí)景區(qū)。

Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics: the famous city in the medieval history in the world

Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics stands erect on the Diaoyu Mountain of the Dongcheng peninsular of Chongqing’s Hechuan district, and it is situated in the confl uence mouth of Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River. With rivers surrounding three sides, dangerous cliffs rising, it is the best-reserved site of ancient battlefi eld of China so far.

In time of Hezhou war in Yuan dynasty, Yujie, the military commissioner of Sichuan in the mansion of Chongqing had adopted the strategy of Ranjin and Ranpu of Bozhou state (now referred to as Zunyi of Guizhou province) to build fortification in Diaoyu Mountain, and move Hezhou state to Shizhao county to station troops and amass food, forming the barrier of Chongqing in order to resist the attack of the army of Mongolia.

From A.D. 1243 to 1279, under the leadership of the commanding general Wangjian and Zhangjue, relying on the natural barrier of Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics, the soldiers and people of Hezhou state in the Southern Song Dynasty had defended tenaciously and fought a bloody battle and suffered from more than 200 battles, finally withstanding the elite army of Mongolia, the most powerful military force in the world at that time, and creating a rare miracle in the war history at all times and in all over the world by defending the city and resisting war for 36 years. In A.D. 1259, Mongol great khan (Yuan Xianzong) died in battle under the Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics, which led to the comprehensive troop withdrawal of Mongolia from the Eurasian battlefield. Therefore, Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics has shocked the world by the virtue of the great achievement to “continue Songzuo and relieve the Eurasian disaster of war, and prevent the expansion to Africa from Mongolia”. Within the main scenic spot of 2.5 square kilometers, there are still some sites of military and domestic installation of Southern Song Dynasty, such as, 8-kilometer city wall, 8 city gates, battery, water army wharf, ordnance workshop, exit of blind pass, military drill ground, Tianchi, artesian well and so on; besides, there is a fishing terrace with ancient vestigial, reclining Buddha hanging in the air of Tang Dynasty, thousand-Buddha cliff, Maitreya standing Buddha, ancient cherry bay with a history of 800 years, Tianquan cave, Bodao mountain range, Sangui Stone, Huguo Temple, Zhongyi ancestral temple, Sansheng cliff, 8 landscapes of Yushan mountain and other scenic spots and historic sites.

In 1982, the Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics was publicized to be the first-batch of national scenic area by the State Council, and was publicized to be the fourth-batch of major historical and cultural site protected at the national level by the State Council in 1996. It is the only one scenic spot in Chongqing that has the laurel of both national level scenic spot and major historical and cultural site protected at the national level. At present, Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics has entered into the World Cultural Heritage Declaring List, and now it’s on the way establishing national 5A scenic spot.

淶灘古鎮(zhèn)：中國(guó)首批歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)

淶灘古鎮(zhèn)位于合川城區(qū)東北28公里的淶灘鎮(zhèn)，山環(huán)水抱，景色秀美，歷史悠久，文化昌明。它是中國(guó)首批歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)、全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位、國(guó)家4A級(jí)旅游景區(qū)、中國(guó)最美麗村鎮(zhèn)。2013年作為中國(guó)八大古鎮(zhèn)之一入選《中國(guó)古鎮(zhèn)》特種郵票，被譽(yù)為國(guó)家名片。

淶灘于宋代建鎮(zhèn)，三面懸崖峭壁，具有“一夫當(dāng)關(guān)，萬(wàn)夫莫開(kāi)”的險(xiǎn)要之勢(shì)。整個(gè)古鎮(zhèn)融古街、古佛、古甕于一體，是典型的山寨式場(chǎng)鎮(zhèn)格局。鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)明清時(shí)期小青瓦房高低錯(cuò)落，尺度適宜的石街小巷顯得古樸典雅，清代建筑文昌宮保存完好，古戲樓外欄木刻浮雕令人嘆為觀止。清同治元年增修的甕城為重慶唯一，具有關(guān)門(mén)打狗、甕中捉鱉的御敵功效。鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)還有回龍廟、張爺廟等遺址和九宮十八廟的美麗傳說(shuō)。