陳翱翔 孟然 齊曉敏 曹旭晨
·臨床研究與應(yīng)用·
乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌患者保乳術(shù)后的預(yù)后分析
陳翱翔 孟然 齊曉敏 曹旭晨
目的:回顧性分析乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化以及不同年齡的乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)后的預(yù)后。方法:收集2005年1月至2008年12月436例天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院行保乳術(shù)的乳腺癌患者的臨床病理資料。根據(jù)患者乳腺鉬靶中是否伴有傾向惡性鈣化分為鈣化組(122例)和對(duì)照組(314例)。根據(jù)年齡大小分為年輕組(年齡≤35歲),中年組(36~55歲),老年組(年齡>55歲)3個(gè)亞組。單因素生存分析采用Log rank法,多因素分析采用Cox回歸模型。結(jié)果:乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化是保乳患者的局部復(fù)發(fā)及總生存的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。亞組分析顯示,年輕患者中鈣化組患者發(fā)生復(fù)發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)移及死亡事件的例數(shù)較對(duì)照組多;中年患者中鈣化組局部無復(fù)發(fā)生存及總生存均較差,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;老年患者中有無傾向惡性鈣化不影響患者的局部無復(fù)發(fā)生存及總生存。結(jié)論:乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化是乳腺癌患者保乳術(shù)的局部復(fù)發(fā)及總生存的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。對(duì)于老年患者鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化不應(yīng)作為其保乳的禁忌證。
乳腺癌保乳術(shù)年齡傾向惡性鈣化
保乳術(shù)已經(jīng)成為早期乳腺癌患者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療[1-3]。然而同根治術(shù)相比,乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)后的局部復(fù)發(fā)率較高[4]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,行保乳術(shù)后發(fā)生局部復(fù)發(fā)將影響患者的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移及生存[5]。明確影響乳腺癌患者保乳術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素,對(duì)于患者選擇具有重要意義。
研究表明乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化與腫瘤組織侵襲性高、組織學(xué)分級(jí)高等相關(guān)[6]。伴有傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌患者行乳腺癌根治術(shù)后的局部復(fù)發(fā)及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較無傾向惡性鈣化者高[7]。此外,年齡是影響乳腺癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因素,年輕患者預(yù)后較差,而老年患者常以Luminal型多見,預(yù)后較好,不同年齡段伴有傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)的預(yù)后仍需進(jìn)一步探討。本研究回顧性分析乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)后及比較乳腺鉬靶有無傾向惡性鈣化對(duì)預(yù)后的影響,并進(jìn)一步探討不同年齡階段伴有傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)后的局部復(fù)發(fā)及生存情況,為臨床治療選擇術(shù)式提供依據(jù)。
1.1臨床資料
收集2005年1月至2008年12月436例天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)的臨床病理資料。所有患者均于本院行乳腺鉬靶檢查。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1)年齡>80歲;2)惡性腫瘤病史;3)確立診斷時(shí)有遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。根據(jù)患者是否伴有鈣化分為鈣化組(122例)和對(duì)照組(314例)。為分析患者不同年齡段鈣化型乳腺癌的預(yù)后,將436例患者分為年齡≤35歲的年輕組(28例)、年齡為36~55歲的中年組(268例)和年齡>55歲的老年組(40例)3個(gè)亞組。乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化的定義見表1。
1.2切緣判斷
保乳術(shù)標(biāo)本手術(shù)切緣的確定:標(biāo)本使用縫線標(biāo)記方位,對(duì)石蠟切片行病理學(xué)檢查。陽性切緣為切緣含有浸潤性或?qū)Ч茉话┘?xì)胞,或癌細(xì)胞距切緣距離≤5 mm。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。各組數(shù)據(jù)間的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用Kaplan-Meier法繪制生存曲線,單因素生存分析采用Log rank法,多因素分析采用Cox回歸模型。以P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1臨床病理特征
436例患者均為女性,年齡為20~80歲,中位年齡為51歲。鈣化組與對(duì)照組在腫瘤大小、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、ER及PR表達(dá)水平等無顯著性差異。術(shù)后輔助治療包括化療、放療、內(nèi)分泌治療,兩組間無顯著性差異。鈣化組中HER-2陽性患者所占比例較對(duì)照組高。85.3%(372/436)患者術(shù)后行化療、81.7%(356/ 436)行放療及62.4%(272/436)行內(nèi)分泌治療,鈣化組與對(duì)照組在輔助治療上無顯著性差異(表2)。患者在年輕組、中年組及老年組各年齡段,鈣化組與對(duì)照組的臨床病理特征無顯著性差異。
2.2生存分析
患者的中位隨訪時(shí)間為85(6~111)個(gè)月。27例發(fā)生局部復(fù)發(fā),其中鈣化組14例、對(duì)照組13例。采用Kaplan-Meier法進(jìn)行生存分析顯示,同對(duì)照組相比,乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)后,局部無復(fù)發(fā)生存(locoregional relapse free survival,LRFS)及總生存(overall survival,OS)較差,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.005,圖1A;P=0.010,圖1B)。亞組分析顯示,28例年齡≤35歲的年輕患者中,伴有傾向惡性鈣化的10例患者行保乳術(shù),復(fù)發(fā)2例,轉(zhuǎn)移2例,死亡3例;而無鈣化的18例患者中無復(fù)發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)移及死亡事件發(fā)生。36~55歲的中年患者中,伴有傾向惡性鈣化患者行保乳術(shù)后的LRFS及OS均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.025,圖1C;P=0.015,圖1D)。年齡>55歲的老年患者中,鈣化組和對(duì)照組的LRFS及OS無顯著性差異(P= 0.364,圖1E;P=0.982,圖1F)。
2.3保乳術(shù)后患者預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素
本研究分析了行保乳術(shù)患者的局部復(fù)發(fā)及總生存的危險(xiǎn)因素,包括乳腺鉬靶中是否伴有傾向惡性鈣化、保乳切緣狀態(tài)、組織學(xué)分級(jí)、腫瘤大小、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、ER、PR及HER-2表達(dá)水平。Log rank單因素分析結(jié)果顯示,保乳切緣陽性、伴有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化是局部LRFS的危險(xiǎn)因素;伴有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、鉬靶中伴有傾向惡性鈣化是OS的危險(xiǎn)因素(表3)。多因素Cox回歸模型分析結(jié)果顯示,保乳術(shù)后患者的乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化是局部LRFS及OS的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是OS的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(表4)。

圖1 保乳術(shù)后患者及不同年齡亞組是否伴有鈣化的生存分析Figure 1The survival outcomes of breast cancer patients receiving breast-conserving surgery and its subgroup of different age levels with and without calcification

表3 影響因素預(yù)后的單因素分析Table 3Outcome of log-rank univariate analysis

表4 影響因素預(yù)后的Cox多因素分析Table 4Outcome of Cox multivariate analysis
目前已有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道在早期浸潤性乳腺癌患者中乳腺鉬靶的預(yù)后價(jià)值,發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺鉬靶中伴有傾向惡性鈣化的患者預(yù)后較差[7-8]。術(shù)前乳腺鉬靶檢查中伴有傾向惡性鈣化的患者的腫瘤侵襲性更強(qiáng),如組織學(xué)分級(jí)高、ER陰性、HER-2陽性及淋巴結(jié)陽性率高等[6,8]。當(dāng)前臨床指南并未將乳腺癌原發(fā)病灶伴有鈣化作為保乳術(shù)的絕對(duì)禁忌證,但伴有彌漫分布鈣化的乳腺癌被列為保乳術(shù)的相對(duì)禁忌證[8]。乳腺鉬靶中伴有傾向惡性鈣化與保乳術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)及生存之間的關(guān)系仍需要進(jìn)一步探討。
本研究的單因素及多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,伴有傾向惡性鈣化是保乳術(shù)后局部復(fù)發(fā)及總生存的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。生存分析結(jié)果顯示,乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化患者行保乳術(shù)的預(yù)后不佳,局部復(fù)發(fā)率高,總生存時(shí)間短,與相關(guān)報(bào)道一致[7,9]。本研究的亞組分析結(jié)果顯示,不同年齡組中術(shù)前乳腺鉬靶檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)伴有惡性鈣化患者行保乳術(shù)后的預(yù)后不同,乳腺病變伴有傾向惡性鈣化對(duì)保乳術(shù)后的不良影響主要發(fā)生于年輕組(年齡≤35歲)及中年組(36~55歲),而對(duì)于老年組(年齡>55歲)患者,伴有傾向惡性鈣化并不降低保乳術(shù)后局部疾病復(fù)發(fā)率及生存預(yù)后。據(jù)此,對(duì)于年輕乳腺癌患者,如術(shù)前乳腺鉬靶檢查提示乳腺病灶伴有傾向惡性鈣化時(shí),應(yīng)慎重選擇保乳術(shù),而對(duì)于老年乳腺癌患者,原發(fā)病灶合并此類影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)時(shí),可采用損傷較小的保乳術(shù)。
乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化增加乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)后局部復(fù)發(fā)率的機(jī)制目前尚不清楚。有研究認(rèn)為伴有傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌術(shù)后病理檢查時(shí)常合并有廣泛導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌成分(extensive intraductal componet,EIC),EIC的存在可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致切緣檢查假陰性率增高[10]。乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化導(dǎo)致不同年齡組患者保乳術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)率不同,推測可能是隨著患者年齡的增加,尤其是絕經(jīng)后腺體組織會(huì)發(fā)生退縮,從而降低切緣的假陰性率,但也不排除不同年齡組患者腫瘤本身生物學(xué)行為的差異,有待臨床及病理學(xué)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
老年乳腺癌患者是一個(gè)較特殊的人群,其分子分型以類Luminal型多見,組織學(xué)分級(jí)較低,總體預(yù)后較好[11]。隨著年齡增加伴發(fā)基礎(chǔ)疾病的種類及概率也會(huì)明顯增加,研究認(rèn)為應(yīng)在不影響療效前提下盡量采取創(chuàng)傷性小的手術(shù)[12-13]。保乳術(shù)已成為治療早期乳腺癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方法,但目前臨床上老年患者行保乳術(shù)的比例并不高。本研究提示,對(duì)于老年患者行保乳術(shù)的指征可適當(dāng)放寬,至少對(duì)于術(shù)前乳腺鉬靶檢查伴有傾向惡性鈣化的老年乳腺癌患者,保乳術(shù)并不會(huì)使患者術(shù)后局部復(fù)發(fā)率增加。這一結(jié)論還需要進(jìn)一步的大樣本多中心的研究支持。
綜上所述,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化是乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,伴有傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌患者行保乳術(shù)后的局部復(fù)發(fā)及總生存明顯降低,并與患者年齡相關(guān)。中年組(年齡為36~55歲)中,伴有傾向惡性鈣化患者行保乳術(shù)后的預(yù)后較對(duì)照組差(也可能發(fā)生年齡≤35歲患者中,但需更大樣本數(shù)據(jù)證明),而老年組(年齡>55歲)中,乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化患者的生存與對(duì)照組相比未見明顯降低。本研究認(rèn)為,年齡<55歲且術(shù)前乳腺鉬靶存在傾向惡性鈣化的乳腺癌患者不宜行保乳術(shù),而對(duì)于年齡>55歲的乳腺癌患者,乳腺鉬靶伴有傾向惡性鈣化不作為保乳術(shù)的禁忌證,經(jīng)過臨床評(píng)估無其他保乳術(shù)禁忌證且向患者充分說明后可以行保乳術(shù)。
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(2016-06-06收稿)
(2016-08-23修回)
The survival outcome of breast cancer patients with potentially malignant calcification on mammography receiving breast-conserving surgery
Aoxiang CHEN,Ran MENG,Xiaomin QI,Xuchen CAO
Xuchen CAO;E-mail:ccxxcc2016@163.com
breast cancer,breast-conserving surgery,age,potentially malignant calcification

10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2016.17.664
天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院乳腺一科,國家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,天津市腫瘤防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,天津市惡性腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,乳腺癌防治教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(天津市300060)
曹旭晨ccxxcc2016@163.com
The First Department of Breast Cancer,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital;National Clinical Research Center for Cancer;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy;Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer;Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin Medical University,Ministry of Education,Tianjin 300060,China
AbstractObjective:To investigate the outcome of breast cancer patients with potentially malignant calcification receiving breastconserving surgery,as well as the results of patients in different age levels.Methods:This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 436 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between January 2005 and December 2008.Of the 436 patients,122 were assigned as the calcification group because they had potentially malignant calcification on mammography,whereas the remaining 314 patients were assigned as the control group.Patients were classified into three subgroups based on their ages,namely,young-aged subgroup(aged≤35 years old),middle-aged subgroup(aged 36-55 years old),and old-aged subgroup(aged>55 years old).Results:Potentially malignant calcification on mammography is a significant prognosis factor of locoregional recurrence-free survival(LRFS)and overall survival(OS).In the young-aged patients,a higher incidence of positive events(relapse,metastasis,and death)was observed in the calcification group.The outcomes of patients with potentially malignant calcification on mammography were worse than those without in the middle-aged subgroup.No significant difference in LRFS and OS was observed in the old-aged patients between the calcification and control groups.Conclusion:Potentially malignant calcification on mammography was an independent prognosis factor of LRFS and OS in breast cancer patients receiving breast-conserving surgery.In the old-aged patients with breast cancer,potentially malignant calcification on mammography should not be regarded as a contraindication to breast-conserving surgery.
陳翱翔專業(yè)方向?yàn)槿橄倌[瘤臨床及基礎(chǔ)治療,腫瘤信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路機(jī)制等研究。
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