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基于獨立非同分布廣義K信道的OSTBC睲IMO系統(tǒng)及性能

2016-11-01 17:01:19何杰肖琨
計算機(jī)應(yīng)用 2016年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:符號系統(tǒng)

何杰 肖琨

摘要:

針對獨立非同分布(i.n.i.d.)廣義K衰落信道中的正交空時分組編碼多輸入多輸出(OSTBCMIMO)系統(tǒng)性能問題,建立了采用MQAM調(diào)制的OSTBCMIMO系統(tǒng)在i.n.i.d廣義K衰落信道中的系統(tǒng)模型。利用接收端等效信噪比(SNR)可以近似為兩個由多個獨立伽馬隨機(jī)變量之和構(gòu)成的隨機(jī)變量的乘積這一關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)出近似等效信噪比的概率密度函數(shù)表達(dá)式,繼而推導(dǎo)得到平均符號差錯概率、中斷概率和容量的閉式。仿真結(jié)果表明:除波形參數(shù)m外,k取任意不同正整數(shù)值也會對系統(tǒng)性能產(chǎn)生重要的影響,OSTBCMIMO系統(tǒng)在i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道中的性能與在獨立同分布(i.i.d.)廣義K衰落信道中的性能存在顯著差別。

關(guān)鍵詞:

中斷概率;容量;符號差錯概率;廣義K衰落信道;正交空時分組編碼

中圖分類號:

TN915.01

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A

Abstract:

Concerning the performance of the Orthogonal Space Time Block Code based MultipleInput MultipleOutput (OSTBCMIMO) system over independent but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) generalizedK fading channels, the system model of the OSTBCMIMO system was established in i.n.i.d. generalizedK fading channel by adopting MQAM modulation scheme. We take full use of the relationship that the receiver equivalent SNR is approximated by the product of two random variables, which are composed of multiple independent Gamma distributed random variables, respectively. Then, the closedform PDF expression of the approximate equivalent SNR is derived and thereafter the expressions of the average symbol error probability, channel capacity and outage probability are derived successively.

The equivalent SignaltoNoise Ratio (SNR) of the receiver was approximated by the product of two variables that composed of multiple independent Gamma distributed random variables. On the basis of that, the probability density function expression of the equivalent SNR was derived as well as the expression of the average symbol error probability, channel capacity and outage probability.

The simulation results show that, in addition to the parameter m, the parameter k also has a significant impact on the overall system performance, which produces the nonnegligible differences on the system performance between the i.n.i.d. generalizedK fading channels and the i.i.d. generalizedK fading channels.

英文關(guān)鍵詞Key words:

outage probability; capacity; symbol error probability; generalizedK fading channel; Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (OSTBC)

0引言

多徑衰落和陰影效應(yīng)是用來表征一般無線信道的兩個特征。在復(fù)合無線信道模型中,Nakagamim模型[1]和Suzuki模型[2]廣泛地應(yīng)用于各種無線通信系統(tǒng)中。然而這兩種復(fù)合信道模型的概率密度函數(shù)(Probability Density Function, PDF)得不到閉式,給評估移動通信系統(tǒng)鏈路性能帶來了很大的困難。廣義K衰落信道模型不但能很好地模擬無線信道的快衰落和慢衰落效應(yīng),而且存在閉式,因而吸引了眾多國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的關(guān)注。

文獻(xiàn)[3-4]分析了廣義K衰落信道中多輸入多輸出(MultipleInput MultipleOutput, MIMO)系統(tǒng)的容量。有關(guān)MIMO、單天線系統(tǒng)符號差錯概率的研究可以在文獻(xiàn)[5-7]中找到。由于正交空時分組編碼可以提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性,并且使得接收端的解碼相對簡單[8-11],因此文獻(xiàn)[12]和文獻(xiàn)[13]在獨立同分布(independent and necessarily identically distributed, i.i.d.)的廣義K衰落信道中研究了采用正交空時分組編碼的MIMO系統(tǒng)的性能。這些研究的不足在于:1)研究主要基于i.i.d.廣義K衰落信道,而不是獨立非同分布(independent but not necessarily identically distributed, i.n.i.d.)廣義K衰落信道,而現(xiàn)實MIMO系統(tǒng)中,i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道更具有一般性。本文接下來的研究結(jié)果將表明,i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道和i.i.d.廣義K衰落信道中的系統(tǒng)性能表達(dá)式截然不同,性能也存在顯著差異。2)文獻(xiàn)[14]研究了有限i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道中最大比合并接收機(jī)的性能,即只考慮了波形參數(shù)m取不同正整數(shù)的情況,沒有考慮波形參數(shù)k在MIMO子信道中的差異性,有較大的局限性,而且該研究不針對正交空時分組編碼(Orthogonal Space Time Block Code, OSTBC)MIMO系統(tǒng)。

基于上述原因,本文開展基于i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道的OSTBCMIMO系統(tǒng)的性能研究,同時考慮了波形參數(shù)m和k取不同正整數(shù)的情形。雖然要在數(shù)學(xué)上獲得基于i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道的OSTBCMIMO系統(tǒng)性能的精確閉式非常困難,但是本文通過推導(dǎo)近似等效信噪比的概率密度函數(shù),獲得了OSTBCMIMO系統(tǒng)的近似性能的閉式。在仿真分析中,著重考察了信道參數(shù)k對于系統(tǒng)性能的影響,并得出了科學(xué)的結(jié)論。

1系統(tǒng)模型

如圖1所示,在i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道中,具有Nt個發(fā)射天線和Nr個接收天線的MIMO系統(tǒng)采用正交空時分組編碼。首先,信源被調(diào)制成星座大小為M的正交振幅調(diào)制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM)符號集合S,這些符號被OSTBC編碼器編成大小為T×Nt的正交分組空時碼C,T為正交分組空時碼的分組長度。C可以表示為C=∑Ll=1slAl+s*lBl,其中符號{sl}(l=1,2,…,L)選自QAM符號集合S,Al,Bl∈CT×Nr是常數(shù)。于是系統(tǒng)輸入和輸出的關(guān)系可以表示為:

Y=CΗ+n(1)

其中:信道矩陣Η∈CNt×Nr,并假設(shè)在一個分組周期T內(nèi)信道系數(shù)是不變的;信道矩陣中的元素hn, j=αn, jeiφn, j代表第nth根發(fā)射天線到第jth根接收天線間的信道系數(shù),αn, j為相應(yīng)子信道的幅值,服從i.n.i.d.廣義K分布,φn, j是相應(yīng)子信道的相位,服從(0,2π]的均勻分布。n是大小為T×Nr的噪聲矩陣,其中的元素假定為服從CN(0,N0)的復(fù)循環(huán)對稱高斯隨機(jī)變量。

3仿真分析

本節(jié)通過蒙特卡洛仿真驗證理論推導(dǎo)的正確性以及獲得系統(tǒng)性能數(shù)據(jù)。產(chǎn)生1010個i.n.i.d.廣義K分布隨機(jī)數(shù),根據(jù)式(4)、(5),得到輸出端的等效信噪比。圖2描繪了i.n.i.d.廣義K衰落信道中OSTBCMIMO系統(tǒng)在16QAM調(diào)制下的平均符號差錯概率與信噪比的關(guān)系,其中發(fā)射天線數(shù)分別為2和3,接收天線數(shù)為1。可以看出當(dāng)增加發(fā)射天線數(shù)目時,平均符號差錯概率有了明顯的減小。至于信道參數(shù)kl對平均符號差錯概率的影響,通過在相同的仿真設(shè)置下,僅改變參數(shù)kl的取值來考察平均符號差錯概率。圖2中,在發(fā)射天線數(shù)為2且參數(shù)ml不變的情況下,kl=1,2時的平均符號差錯概率比kl=3,4時的平均符號差錯概率大。相同的結(jié)論在發(fā)射天線數(shù)為3的數(shù)據(jù)中也觀察到。這說明當(dāng)參數(shù)kl增大時,各子信道的信道狀況變好導(dǎo)致平均符號差錯概率變小,可見參數(shù)kl對平均符號差錯概率有著顯著的影響。

4結(jié)語

本文通過在獨立非同分布廣義K衰落信道中獲得近似等效信噪比的PDF閉式解決了等效信噪比的精確PDF閉式難以獲得,進(jìn)而不能獲得基于獨立非同分布廣義K衰落信道的OSTBCMIMO系統(tǒng)性能閉式這一問題。所得到的平均符號差錯概率、中斷概率以及容量的閉式性能與仿真結(jié)果高度一致,從而驗證了理論分析的正確性。需要重視的是,數(shù)值分析表明波形參數(shù)k在平均符號差錯概率和中斷概率上的影響是顯著的,在容量上存在細(xì)微影響,然而已有的研究往往忽略了參數(shù)k在實際MIMO子信道中的差異對系統(tǒng)性能的影響,本文的工作完善了這一理論問題,具有一般性,取得了積極的進(jìn)展。

參考文獻(xiàn):

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