姜永輝 周雪源 李艷 趙玉
【摘要】卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量與不孕、發(fā)育異常、囊胚數(shù)目的減少以及胚胎丟棄有關(guān),而線粒體的功能是影響卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量的重要因素,同時(shí)也是受精和獲得健康后代的重要決定因素。越來(lái)越多的女性不孕癥患者伴隨著諸如糖尿病和肥胖等代謝疾病以及卵母細(xì)胞老化等問(wèn)題,這類人群因?yàn)榫€粒體功能異常,在進(jìn)行輔助生殖技術(shù)助孕的過(guò)程中往往也較難取得令人滿意的妊娠結(jié)局。為了修復(fù)卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量提高輔助生殖技術(shù)的成功率,核置換、極體移植等新技術(shù)引起了人們的重視。
【關(guān)鍵詞】線粒體;卵母細(xì)胞;胚胎發(fā)育;新陳代謝;輔助生殖
Influences of mitochondrial functions on assisted reproductive technologyJIANG Yonghui1, ZHOU Xueyuan1, LI Yan1, ZHAO Yu2△. 1. Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China
【Abstract】Quality-compromised oocytes are correlated with infertility, developmental disorders, reduced blastocyst cell number and embryo loss. Mitochondria are critical indicators of oocyte quality and are important for fertilization and development into viable offspring. Increasingly, women affected by metabolic disorders such as diabetes or obesity and oocyte aging are seeking treatment in assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, these patients are difficult to obtain satisfactory outcomes. In order to restore oocyte quality and improve the success rate of ART, new technologies such as nuclear genome transfer and polar body genome transfer have caused peoples attention.
【Key words】Mitochondria; Oocytes; Embryo development; Metabolism; Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
【中圖分類號(hào)】R711.6【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A
生育已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)世界性問(wèn)題,線粒體功能異常與糖尿病、肥胖[1]及高齡婦女[2]的不孕情況有關(guān)。即使是在進(jìn)行輔助生殖技術(shù)助孕過(guò)程中,這類婦女的妊娠結(jié)局也不夠令人滿意。
線粒體對(duì)卵母細(xì)胞功能的影響重大,其功能是評(píng)價(jià)卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)。線粒體的主要功能是產(chǎn)生ATP以提供能量。在已分化的體細(xì)胞中,ATP主要通過(guò)氧化磷酸化途徑產(chǎn)生[3,4];在大多數(shù)哺乳動(dòng)物的卵母細(xì)胞中主要通過(guò)糖酵解途徑和磷酸戊糖途徑產(chǎn)生。ATP產(chǎn)生途徑的變化主要與線粒體結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)。胚胎形成階段的線粒體結(jié)構(gòu)從圓形(未成熟)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭蓍L(zhǎng)型(成熟、分化)時(shí),線粒體代謝從主要的糖酵解途徑轉(zhuǎn)變成氧化磷酸化途徑。和體細(xì)胞相比,我們對(duì)卵母細(xì)胞和提前移植胚胎的線粒體的了解相對(duì)較少,但是我們知道卵母細(xì)胞和胚胎線粒體的功能異常與不孕和胚胎發(fā)育異常有著重要的關(guān)系。……