王梅香 殷屹崗 陳各才
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血漿抵抗素水平與心房顫動關系的臨床研究
王梅香殷屹崗陳各才
目的通過測定血漿抵抗素的水平,研究其在孤立性心房顫動(房顫)的發生與維持中的作用;同時分析影響其水平的相關因素及房顫的風險因素。方法 研究對象為2014年6月至12月因心悸等不適就診我院心內科的患者140例,其中試驗組為房顫人群,分為孤立性房顫(60例)和房顫合并高血壓(55例);根據發病時間不同,孤立性房顫又分為陣發性與持續性房顫,各30例。正常對照組為正常人群,共25例。使用單因素方差分析比較房顫人群與正常人群血漿抵抗素水平的差異。用Pearson及多重線性回歸法分析影響房顫患者抵抗素水平的相關因素。用Logistic回歸分析影響房顫的風險因素。結果① 超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)及血漿抵抗素水平:所有房顫組的水平均高于對照組,其中孤立性房顫組低于房顫合并高血壓組;陣發性房顫組低于持續性房顫組。② Pearson相關分析:血漿抵抗素水平與hs-CRP水平、左房內徑大小及收縮壓均呈正相關(分別為r=0.530,P=0.000;r=0.265,P=0.004;r=0.364,P=0.000)。多重線性回歸分析進一步顯示收縮壓(SBP)、hs-CRP水平與血漿抵抗素的水平存在線性關系:Y=-2.172+0.089 SBP+1.347 hs-CRP(R2=0.307,P<0.05)。③ Logistic回歸分析表明血漿抵抗素水平、hs-CRP水平均被納入回歸方程,且OR值均>1。結論① 血漿抵抗素水平孤立性房顫組明顯高于對照組,其中又以持續性房顫組增高為著,表明抵抗素與房顫的發生、節律的維持相關。② 血漿抵抗素水平與hs-CRP的水平呈正相關,間接表明房顫的發生可能與抵抗素具有某種炎性特質相關,提示抵抗素可引起炎癥反應并和炎癥介質一起參與了房顫發生、維持。③ 血漿抵抗素水平在房顫合并高血壓患者中升高明顯,且具有協同效應,提示抵抗素也許具有獨立表達高血壓與房顫疾病的潛質。同時本研究也證實了高血壓為房顫的風險因素,可推測抵抗素通過高血壓影響房顫。
心房顫動;血漿抵抗素;炎癥
抵抗素是一種分泌型的蛋白,且半胱氨酸殘基含量較高。人的抵抗素主要由單核巨噬細胞分泌而來。研究發現動脈粥樣硬化、冠心病及高血壓患者血漿的抵抗素普遍升高[1],并推測其可能與胰島素的抵抗有關,認為抵抗素也許是聯系炎癥與胰島素抵抗的紐帶,從而參與冠心病、高血壓等疾病的發生、發展[2]。目前,眾多研究證實了抵抗素與炎癥存在關系,且與超敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)的水平呈正性相關[3]。最新2016年ESC房顫管理指南對房顫進行了臨床分類,包括繼發于結構性心臟病的房顫、局灶性房顫、多基因房顫、術后房顫、二尖瓣狹窄和人工心臟瓣膜相關房顫、運動員房顫和單基因房顫等類型。本研究試驗組為孤立性房顫患者,是指房顫發生在無基礎心臟病變的中青年,且臨床相關檢查未發現心房明顯擴大、心功能不全及相關的心外疾病。目前關于房顫的具體機制仍不確定。Anné等[4]報道房顫的發生及維持與心房內徑增大導致結構重構和電重構有關聯,主要機制包括心房臨界物質增多,心房擴大導致機械-電反饋,細胞外基質變性、纖維化,神經內分泌改變等。近年來,眾多研究都支持炎癥作用于房顫的發生與維持,但多數是hs-CRP水平與房顫關系的相關報道[5]。本研究分析了抵抗素直接通過其炎性特質及其對相關風險因素的間接作用參與房顫的發生及發展。
1.1一般資料
2014年6月至12月因心悸就診于泰州市人民醫院心內科的患者,共入選140例(男72/女68),平均(54.45±6.10)歲。其中25例為正常對照組(男12/女13),平均(55.28±7.28)歲;孤立性房顫組60例(男32/女28),平均(53.42±5.00)歲,其中陣發性房顫及持續性房顫患者各30例;另外55例為房顫合并高血壓組(男28/女27),平均(55.20±6.55)歲。
1.2方法
體質量指數=體質量(kg)/身高2(m2);連續測量兩次不同時間的肱動脈血壓水平,取其平均值;采用酶法(日立生化分析儀)測定空腹靜脈血糖、低密度脂蛋白、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白及總膽固醇。左房內徑通過二維超聲在胸骨旁的左室長軸切面測定。hs-CRP水平采用免疫放射比濁法測定。
血漿抵抗素水平的測定:采取空腹靜脈血,通過離心( 3 000 r/min,離心15 min)收集血漿0.5 mL,并置于-80℃的冰箱中保存待檢,所有標本保存未超過6個月;用人抵抗素定量試劑盒(大連泛邦化工技術開發有限公司)采用ELISA法測定血漿抵抗素的濃度:① 向預先包被抵抗素抗體的包被微孔中依次加入標本、標準品、HRP標記的檢測抗體,經過溫育及徹底洗滌;② 用底物TMB顯色,TMB在過氧化物酶的催化下轉化成藍色,并在酸作用下最終轉換成黃色;其顏色的深淺和樣品中抵抗素濃度呈正相關;③ 用酶標儀在450 nm波長下測定吸光度;④ 計算機繪出標準品的標準曲線,根據樣品的吸光度讀出相應的濃度,再乘以稀釋倍數(×5),即為所測樣品的實際濃度。
1.3統計學分析

2.1血漿抵抗素及hs-CRP的水平比較
血漿抵抗素及hs-CRP水平房顫組均高于正常對照組(P<0.05,P<0.01);持續性房顫組高于陣發性房顫組(P<0.05);而且房顫合并高血壓組高于孤立性房顫組(P<0.05,P<0.01),差異均有統計學意義。見表1。

表1 正常對照組、孤立性房顫組與房顫合并高血壓組血漿抵抗素及hs-CRP水平的比較
a:與正常對照組相比,P<0.01;b:與陣發性房顫組相比,P<0.05;c:與孤立性房顫組相比,P<0.05
2.2Pearson相關分析
將血漿抵抗素水平分別與hs-CRP水平、左房內徑及收縮壓進行相關性分析,結果分別為r=0.530,P=0.000;r=0.265,P=0.004;r=0.364,P=0.000,均呈正相關。見圖1。
2.3多重線性回歸分析
血漿抵抗素水平與收縮壓(SBP)、hs-CRP水平呈線性關系:Y=-2.172+0.089 SBP+1.347 hs-CRP(R2=0.307,P<0.05)。見表2。

圖1 血漿抵抗素與hs-CRP水平的相關性

變量偏回歸系數標準誤標準偏回歸系數t值P值常數項-2.1725.390—-0.4030.688收縮壓0.0890.0440.1782.0220.046

續表
2.4二分類Logistic分析(向前逐步回歸法)
以房顫的有無為應變量,一般測量指標(年齡、性別、膽固醇、血壓、血糖等)、左房內徑、hs-CRP及血漿抵抗素水平為自變量。結果顯示SBP、左房內徑、血漿抵抗素及hs-CRP水平進入回歸模型,且均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。而且結果顯示它們的OR值均>1。

表3 以房顫有無為應變量的Logistic回歸分析
本研究顯示,血漿抵抗素水平在持續性房顫患者中高于陣發性房顫患者,且高于正常人群,提示抵抗素與房顫節律的維持及其發生存在關系,但目前尚無相關的大量臨床研究直接報道,有待繼續追蹤證實。另外,本研究還顯示hs-CRP存在于孤立性房顫組(持續性與陣發性)的濃度均高于正常對照組,同時持續性房顫患者的濃度高于陣發性房顫患者,考慮炎癥反應與房顫的發生和節律維持相關,結果與Hagiwara[6]及Chung等[7]的研究相符。
研究還顯示,血漿抵抗素水平與收縮壓呈正相關,且多重線性回歸也顯示抵抗素水平與收縮壓存在線性關系,提示高血壓與抵抗素水平存在著密切的聯系。這與Takata等[8]及Zhang等[9]的研究相一致。房顫合并高血壓患者的血漿抵抗素水平較單純房顫患者的明顯升高,且具有協同效應,提示高血壓與房顫這兩者可能相互獨立作用于血漿的抵抗素水平,從而推測抵抗素水平可能具有獨立表達高血壓與房顫這兩種疾病的潛質。同時,本研究也證實了高血壓為房顫的風險因素,可推測抵抗素通過高血壓導致房顫的發生。
研究中兩種線性關系分析表明血漿抵抗素水平與hs-CRP水平、左房內徑呈正相關,間接表明房顫的發生可能與抵抗素具有炎癥性質相關,提示抵抗素可能引起炎癥反應并和炎癥介質一起參與了房顫的發生、維持。并且血漿抵抗素水平與hs-CRP水平都被納入了Logistic回歸模型,且兩者的OR值均>1,提示兩者均是房顫的重要風險因素,說明兩者增高的患者發生房顫的概率高于正常人。這與Rienstra等[10]及Gungor等[11]的發現相符。
綜上,本研究發現抵抗素可以作為新的炎癥介質之一,它通過與其他各種炎性因子(氧化亞氮、白介素、緩激肽及腫瘤壞死因子等)共同參與NF-κB信號通路及其自身mRNA的表達,進入了系統性炎癥反應的惡性循環,導致心房的內徑變大和電紊亂,從而促進房顫的發生與發展;也可以通過影響房顫的多個風險因素(高血壓、肥胖、冠心病及心衰等),間接參與房顫的發生與維持。所以推測抵抗素會在不久的將來成為房顫的早期預測因子,聯合動態監測病情的發展與轉歸,進而改善患者預后。
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Clinical study on the relationship between plasma resistin level and atrial fibrillation
WangMei-xiang,YinYi-gang,ChenGe-cai
(Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou Jiangsu 225300, China)
ObjectiveBy measuring the level of plasma resistin, to study its roles in the occurrence and maintenance of lone atrial fibrillation(LAF), and analyze the related influential factors of plasma resistin level and risk factors of AF. MethodsResearch objects were 140 patients consulting in the department of cardiology of our hospital because of palpitation from June to December in 2014. The experimental group consisted of AF patients who were classified into patients with LAF(60 cases) and those with AF complicating hypertension(55 cases), respectively. The LAF cases were further divided into paroxysmal AF group and persistent AF group, each with 30 cases. In the control group were normal people(25 cases). The difference of plasma resistin level was analyzed between AF patients and normal people by one-way abalysis of variance, and its related influential factors for AF patients were analyzed in methods of Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. Logistic regression was applied in analyzing risk factors of AF. Results(i) In terms of high sensitive C reactive protein( hs-CRP) and plasma resistin level, the levels of AF group were all higher than those of control group; among the AF patients, the levels of LAF group were lower than those of AF complicating hypertension group and the levels of paroxysmal AF group were lower than those of persistent AF group. (ii) Pearson correlation analysis showed that plasma resistin level was positively correlated with hs-CRP level(r=0.530,P=0.000), left atrial diameter(r=0.265,P=0.004) and systolic blood pressure(SBP)(r=0.364,P=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis further revealed that there was a linear relationship among SBP, hs-CRP and plasma vesistin levels:Y=-2.172+0.089 SBP+1.347 hs-CRP(R2=0.307,P<0.05). (iii) Logistic regression analysis indicated that plasma resistin and hs-CRP levels were both enrolled into the regression equation, withOR>1. Conclusion(i) The level of plasma resistin in LAF group was significantly higher than that in control group, especially the cases in persistent AF group, which indicated that resistin participated in the occurrence and maintenance of AF. (ii) Plasma resistin level was positively correlated with hs-CRP level. It implied that the occurrence of AF may be related with some inflammatory characteristics of resistin, which suggested that resistin could give rise to inflammatory reaction and participate in the occurrence and maintenance of AF with inflammatory mediators. (iii) Plasma resistin level increased significantly in AF patients complicating hypertension and showed synergistic effect, which suggested possible potentiality of resistin in expressing hypertension and AF independently. Meanwhile, the study also demonstates that hypertension is a risk factor of AF. It might be suspected that resistin can impact on AF via hypertension.
atrial fibrillation; plasma resistin; inflammation
225300 江蘇 泰州,泰州市人民醫院心內科
王梅香,住院醫師,主要從事心臟電生理方向的研究,E-mail:569896951@qq.com
10.13308/j.issn.2095-9354.2016.05.013
2016-09-07)(本文編輯:郭欣)
R541.7
A
2095-9354(2016)05-0359-04