Induction of durable remission by dual immunotherapy in SHIV-infected ART-suppressed macaques

So-Yon Lim,et al.

The eradication of the viral reservoir represents the major obstacle to the development of a clinical cure for established HIV-1 infection.Here,we demonstrate that the administration of Anktiva (N-803) and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) resulted in sustained viral control after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in SHIV-AD8-infected,ART-suppressed rhesus macaques.N-803+bNAbs treatment induced immune activation and transient viremia,but only limited reductions in the SHIV reservoir.Upon ART discontinuation,viral rebound occurred in all animals,which was followed by durable control in approximately 70% of all N-803+bNAbtreated macaques.Viral control correlated with the reprogramming of CD8+T cells by N-803+bNAb synergy.Thus,complete eradication of the replication-competent viral reservoir is likely not a prerequisite for the induction of sustained remission after discontinuation of ART.