朱高層,張金業,孫亞軍
(1、南通市第四人民醫院檢驗科,江蘇南通226001;2、南通市腫瘤醫院檢驗科,江蘇南通226000)
乳腺癌手術前后血清CA15-3和CEA水平與病理參數的相關性研究
朱高層1,張金業2,孫亞軍1
(1、南通市第四人民醫院檢驗科,江蘇南通226001;2、南通市腫瘤醫院檢驗科,江蘇南通226000)
目的探討乳腺癌患者手術前后血清中CA15-3和CEA水平與病理參數的相關性。方法隨機選擇2012年6月至2014年7月南通市第四人民醫院外科和南通市腫瘤醫院腫瘤科共計267例乳腺癌患者為研究對象,采用電化學發光免疫分析法檢測所有患者術前一周、術后1月血清中CA15-3和CEA水平,并分析CA15-3和CEA水平與乳腺癌患者臨床病理參數的相關性。結果267例乳腺癌患者術前一周血清中CA15-3和CEA水平分別為35.6±11.41U/ml和8.9±3.4ng/ml,術后1月分別為20.1±9.23U/ml和4.1±1.7ng/ml,P<0.05,差異具有統計學意義;Ⅲ和Ⅳ期癌癥患者的CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率均明顯高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期,腫瘤有多處轉移的CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率明顯高于1處轉移的,術后復發患者的CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率高于沒有復發患者,P<0.05,差異均具有統計學意義;采用不同手術類型患者術后CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率無顯著性差異,P>0.05。結論乳腺癌患者血清中CA15-3和CEA水平與癌癥TNM分期、轉移、術后復發具有相關性,便于及時診斷術后癌癥轉移復發。
乳腺癌;血清CA15-3;CEA
乳腺癌是一類嚴重影響婦女身心健康和生命安全的惡性腫瘤,發病率占各類惡性腫瘤的7%~10%[1,2],它的發病原因尚不清楚,研究發現乳腺癌的危險因素包括遺傳、激素水平、妊娠過晚、肥胖、酗酒和地域差異等[3]。乳腺癌的發病率自20世紀70年代開始呈上升趨勢,但死亡率自90年代開始呈下降趨勢,一方面是乳腺癌篩查工作便于早期病例的發現和治療,另一方面是有效藥物的開發和應用。病理研究證實,糖鏈抗原15-3(CA15-3)和癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonie antigen,CEA)是乳腺癌臨床診治中非常重要的一類腫瘤標志物[4],它們在血清中的含量與乳腺癌病情有相關性。本研究通過檢測267例乳腺癌患者手術前后血清中CA15-3和CEA水平,探討這兩種標志物與腫瘤分期、手術類型、轉移和術后復發的相關性。
1.1 研究對象選擇2012年6月至2014年7月來南通市第四人民醫院外科和南通市腫瘤醫院腫瘤科行外科手術治療的267例乳腺癌患者為研究對象,所有患者均經影像學檢查、病理學檢查和細胞學檢查確診為乳腺癌,均未接受放化療,年齡分布為38~61歲,平均年齡44.5±1.7歲,包括61例乳腺導管原位癌,47例乳腺小葉原位癌,42例乳頭濕疹樣乳腺癌,37例早期浸潤性導管癌,32例早期乳腺浸潤性小葉癌,28例乳腺髓樣癌,20例乳腺浸潤性導管癌;TNM分期:Ⅰ期105例,Ⅱ期87例,Ⅲ42例,Ⅳ期33例;轉移情況:單處轉移126例,2處以上轉移141例;手術類型:經典根治術78例,改良根治術59例,單純乳房切除術77,乳房部分切除術53例。
1.2 檢測方法所有患者術前1周、術后1個月清晨空腹抽取3ml靜脈血液樣本,采用電化學發光免疫分析法檢測血清中CA15-3和CEA水平,CA15-3和CEA定量測定試劑盒均購自羅氏公司,所有操作均按照說明書嚴格操作。
1.3 結果判斷⑴比較患者術前1周、術后1個月血清中CA15-3和CEA水平;⑵分析術后1月癌癥TNM分期、轉移、復發與CA15-3、CEA的相關性。TNM分期標準參照國際癌癥研究機構2012年WHO乳腺腫瘤分類[5]。⑶CA15-3參考值:<25U/ml,超過25U/ml為陽性;CEA參考值:<5ng/ml,超過5ng/ml為陽性。
1.4 統計學處理所有數據錄入SPSS 16.0統計學軟件,計數資料用百分比表示,計量資料用平均數±標準差(x±s)表示,組間比較用卡方檢驗,P<0.05視為有統計學意義。
2.1 手術前后血清CA15-3和CEA對比267例乳腺癌患者術前1周和術后1月血清中CA15-3、 CEA水平對比見表1,術后血清中CA15-3和CEA水平均低于術前,P<0.05,差異具有統計學意義。

表1 手術前后血清CA15-3和CEA水平
2.2 血清CA15-3和CEA與病理參數的相關性所有對象按照癌癥TNM分期、手術類型、轉移和術后復發情況分組,在手術前后血清中CA15-3和CEA數值統計見表2。表3為術后1月CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率與病理參數的相關性,癌癥TNM分期中Ⅲ和Ⅳ期患者的CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率均明顯高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期,P<0.05,具有統計學意義;采用不同手術類型患者術后CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率無顯著性差異,P>0.05;腫瘤有多處轉移的CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率明顯高于1處轉移的,P<0.05;術后復發患者的CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率高于沒有復發患者的,P<0.05,具有統計學意義。

表2 病理參數與血清CA15-3和CEA水平
近幾年來,全球每年約有120萬女性發生乳腺癌,每年約有50萬患者發生死亡,乳腺癌的發病率逐年攀升[6,7],且發病人群逐漸年輕化。手術治療是乳腺癌的主要手段,但文獻報道[8],術后5年患者復發和遠處轉移的發病率約為30%,嚴重影響手術效果,因此有效判斷手術療效和盡早發現癌細胞轉移復發已成為廣大醫學學者普遍關心的問題,乳腺癌的早期診斷早期治療依賴于腫瘤標志物的監測[9]。

表3 術后CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率與病理參數的相關性
腫瘤標志物是一類伴隨腫瘤發生、增殖、轉移的物質,由腫瘤細胞或者宿主細胞產生[10],它的特異性和敏感性存在便于早期判斷腫瘤的性質和種類,也為選擇治療方案和判斷預后提供參考。CA15-3是一類糖類抗原,是一種乳腺癌的腫瘤標志物,據文獻報道,約有30%~50%的乳腺癌患者的CA15-3過度表達[11,12],也是監測乳腺癌患者術后的重要指標,當含量超過一定標準時認為有轉移性病變,因此可以預測患者預后和治療質量。CEA是一種糖蛋白,廣泛存在于內胚葉起源的消化系統癌,它也是乳腺癌、肺癌等監測和判斷預后的重要腫瘤標志物。
本研究采用電化學發光免疫分析法檢測267例乳腺癌患者手術前后血清中CA15-3和CEA水平,探討這兩種腫瘤標志物與腫瘤TNM分期、手術類型、轉移和術后復發的相關性。研究表明,乳腺癌患者術前一周血清中CA15-3和CEA水平分別高于術后1月的水平,P<0.05,差異具有統計學意義,這主要與術后癌癥病灶組織切除、體內應激反應降低、腫瘤細胞負荷減少有關[13,14]。癌癥TNM分期為Ⅲ和Ⅳ期的患者CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率分別為41.3%和33.3%,均明顯高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期,說明這兩種標志物可以較好的預測患者病理程度,同時可以看出CA15-3和CEA對于Ⅲ和Ⅳ期患者診斷的靈敏度高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期,病變程度越高,CA15-3和CEA的表達水平越高。伴隨多處轉移的患者體內CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率明顯高于只有1處轉移的患者,癌細胞的種類越復雜[15],它們的表達越敏感,CA15-3和CEA對于預測患者體內是否存在轉移性病變具有一定的敏感性。267例患者術后有72例發生復發,術后復發患者血清的CA15-3和CEA陽性表達率明顯高于沒有復發患者,P<0.05,差異均具有統計學意義,因此CA15-3和CEA對于判斷術后手術效果具有指導意義,但有文獻報道,CEA對于判斷預后靈敏度不高,這可能與本研究樣本例數少有關。此外,CA15-3和CEA的表達與患者采取的手術類型無相關性。
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Relationships of serum CA15-3 and CEA levels to pathological parameters in patients with breast cancer preoperative and postoperative
ZHU Gaoceng1,ZHANG Jinye2,SUN Yajun1.
1.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Nantong Fourth People's Hospital,Nantong Jiangsu,226001,China;2.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Nantong tumor hospital,Nantong Jiangsu,226000,China.
Objective To investigate the correlation of serum carbohydrate antigen 15-3(CA15-3)and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels and pathological parameters in preoperative or postoperative breast cancer patients.Methods 267 cases of patients with breast cancer were randomly collected in this study from the department of surgery of Nantong Fourth People's Hospital and the department of oncology of Nantong tumor hospital between June 2012 and July 2014.Electrochemical luminescence immunoassay(ECLI)technology was used to measure serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 one week before and one month after the surgery.The relationships between CA15-3,CEA levels and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.Results The serum CA15-3 and CEA levels of one week before surgery(35.6±11.41U/ml,8.9±3.4ng/ml)were significantly higher than that of one month after the surgery(20.1±9.23U/ml,4.1±1.7ng/ml)(P<0.05).The CA15-3 and CEA positive expression rates with histological gradeⅢandⅣwas significantly higher than that of patients inⅠandⅡ,and the CA15-3 and CEA positive expression rates of patients with multiple tumor metastasis were significantly higher than that of patients with one,and the CA15-3 and CEA positive expression rate of patients with recurrence were higher than that of patients with no recurrence(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between patients received different types of surgery in the CA15-3 and CEA positive expression rates(P>0.05).Conclusion The serum CA15-3 and CEA levels of breast cancer patients was associated with TNM stage,postoperative metastasis and recurrence and could be considered as the judgment standard for cancer metastasis and recurrence postoperative.
Breast cancer;Serum CA15-3(Carbohydrate antigen 15-3);CEA(Carcinoembryonie antigen)
R737.9,R446.8,R446.62
A
1674-1129(2016)05-0574-03
10.3969/j.issn.1674-1129.2016.05.012
2016-08-09;
2016-09-27)
朱高層,男,1982年2月出生,檢驗技師,從事生物化學及分子生物學的研究
孫亞軍,男1971年9月出生,副主任技師從事分子生物學的檢驗研究郵箱:364418408@qq.com