質子輻照對2Cr13不銹鋼的作用機理研究

馬明臻++張新宇++牛廣義

摘 要：該研究以航天機構常用材料2Cr13不銹鋼為對象，在980℃油冷淬火后與600℃和700℃回火的兩種熱處理工藝以及在2×1014質子/cm2、2×1015質子/cm2、2×1016質子/cm2三種累積注量的條件下，開展了質子輻照試驗研究。分析了2Cr13不銹鋼經不同累積注量質子輻照后，材料的微觀組織結構、表面硬度、力學性能、拉伸斷口附近的變形行為。用納米機械試驗儀測試了經質子輻照后的摩擦系數以及納米劃痕相貌特征及其摩擦學特性。在該試驗研究中發現，對于相同質子輻照條件下的2Cr13不銹鋼，其表面硬度和摩擦系數的變化與熱處理的回火溫度關系甚大，在較高溫度回火時表面硬度的降低和摩擦系數的的變化均比較低溫度回火時表現的明顯，這可能是由于在較高的溫度下回火，使動態回復再結晶過程的晶粒尺寸變大有關。這個試驗結果對航天機構的制造加工具有重要的指導意義，即通過控制合理的熱處理制度，可以使航天機構的材料獲得更好的綜合性能，有利于改善和提高航天機構的可靠性和壽命。

關鍵詞：2Cr13不銹鋼 質子輻照 表面硬度 力學性能 摩擦系數

Abstract：The components of a spacecraft are subject to adverse effects of the space environment in their service. In particular， the irradiation of high energy particles （proton） will impact on the microstructures and performance of spacecraft materials. In turn， investigations on the mechanism of proton irradiation effects on the microstructures and performance of spacecraft materials are of fundamental importance. In this program， we conducted proton irradiation studies on 2Cr13 stainless steel， one of the materials commonly used in spacecraft components. Specifically， two types of heat treatment （tempering at 600 and 700℃， both following oil quenching at 980℃） and three different photon fluences （2×1014， 2×1015 and 2×1016 proton/cm2） are employed. The response of 2Cr13 stainless steel to irradiations with different photon fluences are analyzed， such as the microstructures， surface hardness， mechanical performance and the deformation behavior near the tensile fracture surface. We examined the friction coefficient， nano-scratch patterns and tribological characteristics of the specimens after proton irradiation. Under tempering with higher temperature， the decrease of the surface hardness and the change of the friction coefficient of the specimens are more evident. It is uncovered that， for specimens treated by irradiations with the same photon fluence， the variation of their surface hardness and friction coefficient highly depend on the tempering temperature. This might be attributed to the increase of the grain size during dynamic recovery and recrystallization of specimens subject to high temperature tempering. These results provide a significant guidance for the manufacturing and processing of spacecraft components， i.e.， by employing appropriate heat treatments， we can improve the comprehensive performance of spacecraft materials and hence the reliability and service life of spacecraft components.

Key Words：2Cr13 stainless steel；Proton irradiation；Surface hardness；Mechanical properties；Friction coefficient

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