滑坡多源傳感器網絡立體觀測研究年度報告

劉春++李巍岳++陸平

摘 要：我國是滑坡災害頻發的國家，近年來全球變化無常，發生大型突發滑坡可能性增加。該研究旨在通過構建立體多源傳感器網絡，結合滑坡成災模式分析，在反饋的危險區域實施可控的強化智能觀測，實現西部山區大型滑坡前兆的探測，實施為滑坡預警和處治提供高精度的觀測數據服務。理縣地處四川盆地西北部，位于岷江上游，是不穩定斜坡的敏感區，據四川省地質調查院2007年調查統計，全縣有地質災害點358處，其中滑坡74處、不穩定斜坡105處、崩塌65處、泥石流114處?！?.12”特大地震發生后，理縣境內新增大量地質災害隱患點。因此，該研究將試驗區選在理縣受災最嚴重的西山村及聯合鄉區域。 2013年度，該研究進行了室內構架滑坡實驗：在同濟大學測量館，搭建室內實驗平臺，開發遠程通信數據模塊，總結了各傳感器協同作業關系，分析滑坡致災因子，評估各傳感器針對不同致災因子前兆信息監測和智能強化觀測的可用性和適用性；進行野外實驗勘察，建立了西山村滑坡監測需求分析及傳感器網絡組成、安裝系統設計；進行對地遙感數據觀測研究：進行試驗區無人機飛行、地面基準布設及航空拍攝，生產了1∶2 000試驗區高精度DOM；收集了覆蓋試驗區的部分衛星高分影像，主要包括的傳感器有P5、WorldView-1，2、ZY-3，并利用WorldView-2兩期數據得到西山村滑坡后壁提取結果；購置地面SAR設備，對同濟大學圖書館、綜合樓進行了位移測試試驗；采用兩景TerraSAR-X對試驗區進行了地面沉降監測。

關鍵詞：滑坡 多源傳感器 觀測

Abstract：China has lots of landslide disasters because of global climate changes， and the likelihood of large-scale sudden landslide is increasing in recent years. This project aims to construct three-dimensional and multi-source sensor networks to strengthen the implementation of the western mountains intelligent observation and provide the landslide warning data services combined with the landslide disaster mode analysis. The studied area is located in Lixian， the northwest of Sichuan Basin in the upper reaches of Minjiang River that is unstable slopes sensitive areas. The 2007 Report from Sichuan Provincial Institute of Geological Survey shows there are 358 points of geological disasters， including 74 landslides， 105 unstable slopes， 65 collapses and 114 debris flows. “5.12” earthquake added more disaster points. Therefore， the study select the worst-hit areas： Xishan Village and Lianhe Town. We research group focused on the following three aspects this year： 1.Interior landslide platform tests： build the test platform， develop remote communication mode and summarize the multi-sensors collaboration to evaluate the availability and suitability of each sensors observation； establish Xishan Village landslide monitoring requirements analysis and sensor networks design in field investigations. 2.Study on remote sensing data observation： test UAV flight area， the ground base set and aerial photography， produce the 1：2000 scale DOM images； collect some high resolution satellite-images （P5， WorldView-1，2， ZY-3） and extract the landslide posterior wall in Xishan Village from two WorldView-2 images； purchase ground SAR system and test the displacement on the library and some buildings in Tongji campus.

Key Words：Landslide；Multi-sensors；Observation

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