半散放大鴇孵化期的行為

張藐 田秀華 于長江 韓莫日根 周景英

(東北林業大學，哈爾濱，150040) (圖牧吉國家級自然保護區)

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半散放大鴇孵化期的行為

張藐 田秀華 于長江 韓莫日根 周景英

(東北林業大學，哈爾濱，150040) (圖牧吉國家級自然保護區)

2015年5—7月份，采用瞬時掃描法和目標取樣法對圖牧吉保護區半散放大鴇的孵化期行為時間分配和日節律進行了研究，并利用獨立樣本t檢驗對孵化期大鴇行為的雌雄差異進行分析，探究了溫度和天氣對大鴇孵化期行為的影響。結果表明：大鴇的行為在孵化期具有一定的時間分配和日節律。雄鴇的靜站和趴臥行為是該時期的主要行為，其次為游走、采食和理羽行為，求偶炫耀幾乎不發生；而雌鴇91.38%的時間都在坐巢孵化，其次為采食和游走行為。雄鴇的游走、采食、靜站、理羽和趴臥行為在全天中表現出一定的日節律，雌鴇僅采食行為表現出一定的日節律。研究同時表明，孵化期大鴇的行為時間分配在不同性別之間有差異,溫度和天氣也對大鴇的行為產生影響，雌鴇的營巢成功率與巢位的選擇也有關系。

大鴇；孵化；時間分配；日節律；差異性

Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(12)：51-56.

The instantaneous scan method was used to study the time budget of hatching period and daily rhythm of semi-free Great Bustards in Tumuji Nature Reserve during May to July 2015. The differences in behaviors of Great Bustard during hatching period between male and female, and influence of temperature and weather on behaviors of Great Bustard were analyzed by using independent sample T-test. The time budget and daily rhythm of Great Bustards are regular to some degree during the hatching period. Standing and crouching (69.34%) of male is the main behaviors in this period, followed by wandering (14.04%), feeding (10.61%) and preening (15.40%), and courtship (0.48%) almost do not happen. Female spent 91.38% of their time in incubating in the nest, followed by feeding (4.49%) and wandering (3.21%) behavior. Wandering, feeding, standing, preening and crouching of males in daily rhythm are regular to some degree, but female only showed feeding behavior. Time budget of Great Bustards exhibits differences between male and female, temperature and weather also affects behavior of Great Bustard. Nesting success rate of females have relation with nest choice.

大鴇(Otistarda)隸屬于鶴形目(Gruiformes)鴇科(Otidae)，又名地鵏、老鵏、羊須鵏，是國家一級重點保護野生動物[1]，1997年被列入CITES公約附錄Ⅱ，IUCN將其載入紅皮書，屬于易危(VU)等級[2]。

近年來由于草原的過度開發利用、人類工農業生產活動的干擾以及偷獵活動的日趨嚴重，使得大鴇的生境受到嚴重的破壞，大鴇的數量也日趨減少，大鴇的種群岌岌可危。……