砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱的生物活性及亞致死作用測定1)

蘇柳 邵東華 段立清 劉麗梅 馮淑軍

(內蒙古農業大學，呼和浩特，010019)

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砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱的生物活性及亞致死作用測定1)

蘇柳 邵東華 段立清 劉麗梅 馮淑軍

(內蒙古農業大學，呼和浩特，010019)

為探究砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱的觸殺、熏蒸、趨避作用和亞致死作用。用浸漬法、藥膜法和熏蒸法分別測定了砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱若蟲、成蟲的觸殺、熏蒸毒力。Y型嗅覺儀測定砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱成蟲的趨避作用。用1 mL/L砂地柏精油噴施枸杞植株，接入5對初孵成蟲測定其亞致死作用。結果表明，砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱一齡若蟲觸殺作用最高，對成蟲最低，其致死中濃度(LC50)分別為1.16、2.83 mL/L。隨著齡期的增加毒力降低。砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱成蟲的熏蒸LC50為1.35 mL/L，熏蒸作用強于觸殺。砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱成蟲的趨避作用顯著，趨避率為53.1%。砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱產卵量無顯著影響，使孵化率降低，卵期和若蟲期延長。砂地柏精油對枸杞木虱具有毒殺和亞致死作用，可合理代替那些對人畜高毒的化學農藥防治枸杞木虱。

砂地柏精油；枸杞木虱；毒力；亞致死作用

Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(12)：64-67.

The experiment was conducted to explore theSabinavulgarisessential oil of contact toxicity, fumigation, repellence and sublethal effects onParatriozasinica. The contact toxicity and fumigation ofS.vulgarisessential oil on the adult and nymph ofP.sinicawere determined by impregnation, pesticide-membrane method, and fumigation method. The repellence ofS.vulgarisessential oil on the adult ofP.sinicawas determined by Y-tube olfactometer. Lycium barbarum seedlings was sprayed with the 1 μL/L S. vulgaris essential oil. Five pairs of adults were transferred to the seedlings and let them to lay eggs for 24 h, then transferred to another seedling sprayed with same essential oils for twice. The contact toxicity effect ofS.vulgarisessential oil was the strongest on the first instar nymph ofP.sinica, and the lowest on adult with the LC50value of 1.16 and 2.83 μL/mL, respectively. The contact toxicity ofS.vulgarisessential oil was decreased with the increase ofP.sinicanymph instar. The fumigation LC50value ofS.vulgarisessential oil on the adult ofP.sinicawas 1.35 μL/mL, and the fumigation effects was stronger than that of contact toxicity. The repellence effect of the oil on adults was significant, and the repellent rate was 53.1%. The fecundity ofP.sinicawas not effected significantly byS.vulgarisessential oil, but the oil reduced egg hatching rate, and extended egg and nymph development durations.S.vulgarisessential oil was toxicity toP.sinica, and also had some sublethal effects onP.sinica. The oil could be used to control the pest instead of some higher harmful chemical pesticide to human and animals.

枸杞木虱(ParatriozasinicaYang & Li.)是枸杞(Lyciumspp.)的重要害蟲之一，廣泛分布在內蒙古西部、寧夏、甘肅、青海和新疆等地。在內蒙古西部1 a發生3～4代。以成蟲越冬，翌年4月下旬、5月上旬開始產卵[1]。枸杞木虱與枸杞蚜(AphisgossipyGlover)、枸杞癭螨(AceriapallidaKeifer)并稱為“枸杞三大害蟲”，若蟲、成蟲均以吸芽梢汁液為害，嚴重時導致新葉畸形、枯黃，長勢衰退，提早干枯落葉。若蟲分泌物黏附于葉片上，招致煤污病發生[2]。……