文/陳 焱 圖/鄭 嚴
齊長城之錦陽關
JINYANGGUAN OF THE GREAT WALL OF QI
文/陳 焱 圖/鄭 嚴

○ 錦陽關是齊長城上三大重要關隘之一。Jin Yang is one of the three importantsections of the Great Wall of Qi.
齊長城在萊蕪市境內主要有三大關口,自西向東分別為錦陽關、天門關、青石關。其中錦陽關段的齊長城保存最為完好,也最為著名。
錦陽關也叫通齊關,是齊長城上三大重要關隘之一。錦陽關位于萊蕪市萊城區雪野鎮。這一段最能體現齊長城因地制宜、就地取材的建筑特點。城墻雖在清朝時為防御捻軍有所修復,但修復方法與取材用料均沿襲齊長城舊制,用亂石壘砌,卻牢固高聳,不見傾頹,至今仍有五六米之高,垛口、瞭望孔也保存完整。
錦陽關的關口在文祖鎮三槐樹村。此村文化歷史悠久,春秋戰國時期是齊國的兵營大寨,故有“大寨”之稱。從這里往南一公里,便來到古代齊魯邊界。路邊有一尊巨石,上刻“錦陽關”三個繁體隸書漆紅大字。不遠處有一座巍然屹立、雄偉壯觀的明清式古建筑,下有通道、上有閣門,并設有瞭望臺。這便是春秋戰國時期齊長城的重要關隘——錦陽關。錦陽關長城,如今尚存0.6公里較為完整的石砌墻體,殘存的城墻最高為7.5米,最厚為6米。中國歷史上著名的長勺之戰、艾陵之戰等均發生于錦陽關和青石關一帶。
在齊長城建成后的漫長歲月里,錦陽關附近發生過很多大事件,其中大家所熟知的“孟姜女哭長城”的故事就發生在這里,孟姜女哭倒的齊長城就是錦陽關中的一段。據記載,孟姜女本姓姜名女,丈夫名叫張范喜。小兩口生活安穩,直到有一天張范喜被抓去修齊長城,幾年后竟杳無音信。姜女知道后悲痛欲絕,前往長城尋夫,跪在錦陽關前哭了三天三夜,悲泣聲聲感天動地,哭得蒼天也落下淚,下起了大雨。最后,天上落下一聲炸雷,將錦陽關撕開一道口子,露出了張范喜之尸身。姜女看到后更為傷心,呼叫著“范喜郎,為妻隨你來也!”向丈夫撲去,頭撞巨石殞命,血濺錦陽關。后來,這個事件被編成了大鼓書和神話故事廣為流傳,只是姜女變成了孟姜女,其夫張范喜變成了范喜良。“孟姜女哭長城”的故事為錦陽關增加了幾分神秘色彩。

○ 齊長城遺址錦陽關。Jinyang Gate of the Great Wall of Qi.
現在大家能看到的這座巍峨宏闊的錦陽關關樓其實是新建的,曾經的古關樓在1938年日寇侵華時毀于戰火。原關城高6米,寬4米,有關帝廟等古建筑。關址現被萊蕪至章丘段的公路所占用,在路邊立有“齊長城”標志碑。在錦陽關關樓邊還有一塊刻有中華人民共和國國務院公布的“全國重點文物保護單位齊長城遺址錦陽關”的石碑。
拾級而上,登上錦陽關閣樓,可以俯視穿關而過的242省道。站在閣樓向東瞭望,古長城已經蕩然無存,但從殘留的碎石上可以看出城墻遺跡;往西遠看,齊長城蜿蜒起伏、繞嶺盤山,隱蔽于狹澗,聳立在峻峰。關址東700米處的山頭上有烽火臺遺址,俗稱煙火臺。山頭周圍還有環墻遺址,東至魯地村北,有保存較好的錦陽關東便門,為方便齊魯百姓南北往來而設。門為石砌拱形,高2.8米,內寬2米,進深3.3米。便門兩側有城址,長1150米,西側高1.2米,寬2至4米;東側高2.5米至4.2米,外墻寬0.8米,內設站臺,總寬度為4.2米至6米。
錦陽關遺址的東邊和南邊分別是娘娘廟村和魯地村,這里的齊長城全部用青石建成。城墻北面有一條寬約3米的跑道,用亂石或土填實而成。據說這是跑馬的通道,如遇戰事,在南側城墻的掩護下,這條跑道可以完成輸送物資、調動部隊的任務。

○ 錦陽關段的齊長城保存最為完好。The section of Jinyangguan is in the best preserved part of the Great Wall of Qi.
如今,已經存在2500多年的齊長城早已沒有了國界,沒有了戰爭。但形成的齊長城文化源遠流長,滋潤著齊魯大地這方水土,惠及著人們的精神世界。在齊長城附近,幾乎每一個村名地名都與齊長城血脈相連,代表著歷史典故,代表著歲月故事。
在錦陽關的北邊不遠處有一個叫“石子口”的村子,普普通通的村名背后就有一個齊長城的故事。當年楚國先后滅了魯、莒等國成為雄霸,便開始策劃戰爭去滅齊國。通過觀察齊國的邊關布防,楚國制定出偷襲作戰的計劃。在一個漆黑的夜里,楚兵悄悄地翻過齊長城,從東西狹溝向古山寨攀登,爬至半山腰遇到一堵石墻,士兵們摳石而上,突然石墻松動,滿坡亂石翻滾而泄,楚兵葬身于亂石之中,遂大敗。原來這是齊國早已布好的“石子口”陣,所以村莊因此得名“石子口村”。
像這樣的老故事還有很多,比如從齊國穿過東便門,到達魯國,遇到的第一個村莊便是“魯地村”。顧名思義,魯地村代表這里是魯國的疆土。距離齊國只有一箭之遙,卻是兩個國度。
千余里的齊長城自西往東曲折延伸,歷經戰事,飽經滄桑。不知有多少村名地名與齊長城有關,但有關的每一個村名地名都有一段美麗的傳奇或動人的故事。

○ 這段齊長城全部用青石建成。This section of the Great Wall of Qi is completely built with bluestone.

○ “孟姜女哭長城”的故事就發生在錦陽關。The story of “Meng Jiangnu bringing down the Great Wall with tears” took place in Jinyangguan.
The Great Wall of Qi has three major sections in the territory of Laiwu. From west to east, they respectively are Jinyangguan, Tianmenguan, and Qingshiguan, in which the section of Jinyangguan is best preserved and is also the most famous.
Jinyangguan locates in Xueye Town of Laicheng District in Laiwu. Although the walls were repaired in the Qing Dynasty to defend the Nian Army, both the repair methods and materials used followed the old system of the Great Wall of Qi, that is building with rocks. The forts and lookout holes are also in good preservation.
During the long years after the completion of the Great Wall of Qi, a great number of big events happened near Jinyangguan, among which is the well-known story of “Meng Jiangnu bringing down the Great Wall with tears”. The Great Wall of Qi where Meng Jiangnu cried specifically refers to one section of Jinyangguan.
The towering magnificent Jinyangguan structure we can see now is actually newly built, as the old structure was destroyed in 1938 during the Japanese invasion of China. The east and south of Jinyangguan site are respec tively Goddess Temple Village and Lu Land Village where the Great Wall of Qi is completely built with bluestone.
Through Dongbian Gate, from Qi State to Lu State, the first village encountered is "Lu Land Village". As the name suggests, Lu Land Village means that the territory of Lu State starts here. Although it is only a stone's throw away from Qi State, it is another country.