世界經濟主要指標

國家統計局國際統計信息中心

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·國際統計數據·

世界經濟主要指標

國家統計局國際統計信息中心

一、世界經濟

表1 世界經濟增長率(上年=100) 單位：%

注：(1)國際貨幣基金組織公布的世界及分類數據按照購買力平價方法進行匯總，世界銀行和英國共識公司按匯率法進行匯總。 (2)印度數據指財政年度。(3)各經濟體2015年數據已據其官方發布結果做了調整。

表2 世界貿易量增長率(上年=100) 單位：%

注: 包括貨物和服務,為出口量增速和進口量增速的簡單平均數。

資料來源: 國際貨幣基金組織2017年1月預測。

表3 消費者價格漲跌率(上年=100) 單位：%

注: (1)印度來源于英國共識公司的數據指財政年度。(2)各經濟體2015年數據已據其官方發布結果做了調整。

表4 消費者價格同比上漲率 單位：%

資料來源：世界銀行數據庫。

表5 工業生產

注：(1)工業生產指數同比增長率為經季節調整的數據。(2)采購經理人指數超過50預示著經濟擴張期。

資料來源：世界銀行數據庫、美國供應管理協會。

二、美國經濟

表6 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表7 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

注：季度數據按季節因素調整、折年率計算(表6、表7)。

資料來源：美國商務部經濟分析局(表6、表7)。

表8 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

表9 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

注：季度數據按季節因素調整(表8、表9)。

資料來源：美國商務部經濟分析局(表8、表9)。

表10 勞動力市場 單位：%

注:除年度數據以外，勞動生產率增長率為該月份所在季度的增長率。

資料來源：美國勞工統計局。

表11 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

注:包括貨物和服務貿易。因季節調整，各月合計數據不等于全年總計數據。

資料來源：美國商務部普查局。

表12 外國直接投資 單位：億美元

資料來源：美國商務部經濟分析局。

三、歐元區經濟

表13 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表14 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

資料來源：歐盟統計局數據庫(表13、表14)。

表15 勞動力市場 單位：%

注:除年度數據以外，勞動生產率增長率為該月份所在季度增長率；就業人數為該月份所在季度的環比變化。

資料來源：歐洲央行統計月報、歐盟統計局數據庫。

表16 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

表17 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：歐盟統計局數據庫(表16、表17)。

表18 進出口貿易 單位：億歐元

注:歐元區絕對數指歐元區現有范圍，即19個成員國。貿易額不包括歐元區各成員國相互之間的貿易額，為經季節調整后的數據。

資料來源：歐盟統計局數據庫。

表19 外國直接投資 單位：億歐元

注:歐元區絕對數指歐元區現有范圍，即19個成員國。歐元區外國直接投資額不包括歐元區各成員國相互之間的直接投資額。

資料來源：歐洲央行統計月報。

四、日本經濟

表20 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表21 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表22 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

表23 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：日本內閣府(表20～表23)。

表24 勞動力市場 單位：%

資料來源：日本統計局和日本央行統計月報。

表25 進出口貿易 單位：億日元

注:月度貿易額為季節調整后數據。

資料來源：日本財務省。

表26 外國直接投資 單位：億日元

資料來源：日本財務省。

五、其他主要國家和地區經濟

表27 國內生產總值增長率(同比) 單位：%

注：印度年度GDP增長率為財年增長率。

表28 國內生產總值增長率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：各經濟體官方統計網站。

表29 勞動力市場失業率 單位：%

表30 勞動力市場失業率 單位：%

注：(1)英國和中國香港月度數據為截至當月的3個月移動平均失業率。(2)加拿大、英國、韓國和中國香港為經季節因素調整后的失業率。

資料來源：各經濟體官方統計網站。

表31 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

注：加拿大和英國數據經過季節因素調整。

表32 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表33 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表34 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表35 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表36 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

資料來源：各經濟體官方統計網站(表27～表36)。

六、三大經濟體指標對比圖

圖1 三大經濟體GDP環比增長率(%) 注：美國為環比折年率增長率。

圖2 三大經濟體失業率變動(%)

圖3 三大經濟體出口額同比增長率(%)

圖4 三大經濟體進口額同比增長率(%) 數據來源：各經濟體官方統計網站(圖1～圖4)。

(1) To promote China’s energy supply side structural reforms in the “13th Five-Year that” period

China International Economic Exchange Center Research Group

Under the background of the changing global energy supply and demand pattern and domestic new normal, to coordinate two overall situation of domestic sustainable development and global tackling climate change, we need to accelerate the energy supply side structural reform and promote clean energy and low carbon development. The ultimate goal of China’s energy supply side structural reform is to meet the needs of economic and social development by building a clean low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system. The main direction is to speed up the adjustment of the energy industrial structure, promote clean energy to replace fossil fuels gradually becoming China’s main energy, and establish a diversified energy supply system. The fundamental way is to deepen the reform, restore the energy commodity attributes, build an effective competitive energy market system, improve the institutional mechanisms where market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, promote energy technological innovation, strengthen key technology research, and deepen the innovation and development of energy equipment.

(2)The modernization of national governance and the construction of contemporary Chinese think tanks

Zhang Dawei and Xu Zhanchen

National governance systems and governance capacity modernization are necessary requirements for China to adapt to the development needs of the times and deal with various risks and challenges. As indispensable institutional arrangements within the governance structure of modern society, thank tanks play an important role in the modernization of national governance and play a special role in the function. Currently our think tank construction mainly focusing on tools should adhere to the organic combination of tools and functions, to develop functions by making tools stronger, ensure the realization of instrumental task via clear functional direction, and play multiple functions of aggregating social intelligence resources, connecting internal and external system, contacting other social groups, formatting goods market of ideas, corresponding platform of foreign institutions. Building a new think tank with Chinese characteristics should pay attention to functional requirements, while trying to solve some practical difficulties and problems.

(3)Research on the reasons for the rapid decline of China’s foreign exchange reserves and its reasonable scale

Cao Wenlian, Sheng Sixin and Yang Yuemin

RMB’s devaluation expectations as well as the trend of continuous depreciation causing the financial accounts to have a high deficit are the main reasons for the decline in China’s foreign exchange reserves in the past two years. Based on national conditions, this paper estimates the moderate scale of China’s foreign exchange reserves is in the range of $1.4 trillion to $2.6 trillion. In view of the current poor international economic situation, and differentiation of monetary policy in developed countries leading to financial market instability, we recommend that the current urgent need is to strengthen the market expectations of management of RMB exchange rate fluctuations, consider to slow down the pace of capital account convertibility, prudently promote the exchange marketization and the internationalization of the RMB, and actively prevent the short-term large-scale cross-border flows of capital frequently to have a big impact on China’s economic development and foreign exchange rates and reserves, and insist on the macroeconomic policy of both absorbing foreign capital and foreign investment.

(4)Deepening the structural reform of supply side and the leading role of circulation industry and strategic role of the logistics industry

Ding Junfa

Chinese circulation has become the elementary and leading industry of national economy, while logistics industry is the elementary and strategic industry of national economy, the development of strategic industries. Through the analyses of the purchasing managers index (PMI), price index (CPI, PPI), supply chain performance index (LPI), total retail sales of social consumer goods and production goods, the consumption rate, the Engel coefficient, the relationship between production, distribution, circulation and consumption of the national economy, we can demonstrate that, in deepening the structural reform of supply side, we should give full play to the leading role of circulation industry and the strategic role of logistics industry.

(5)Research on the supervision system of foreign investment in China under the negative list management model

Zhang Huanbo, Shi Chen, Du Jingwen and Liu Jun

Since the reform and opening up, especially after joining the WTO, Chinese foreign capital supervision experience has continuously enriched, exploration of the free trade zone in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong test, Fujian also provides a test platform for the reform of the investment management system. On the basis of the UK and the US foreign regulatory experience, this paper proposes several suggestions on how to form strategic and forward-looking foreign investment supervision system base on the negative list, and provides relevant policy reference for perfecting the laws and regulations on foreign investment in China, the FTA investment management mode innovation and the negative list generalized in the country.

(6)“The Belt and Road” investment and financing cooperation mechanism needs innovations of macro mechanism and micro business model

Yan Yugui

The further implementation of “The Belt and Road” strategy and international capacity cooperation will bring the huge potential for the cross-border investment and financing cooperation. However, the cooperation projects under “The Belt and Road” strategy are huge financially, have long investment cycle, involve in cross-border cooperation and complex project structure, with financial institutions and lagging behind to participate, there is an urgent need to innovate the financial environment, and improve the innovation and open levels of investment and financing. Through combing risks in macro and micro two aspects in “The Belt and Road” investment financing cooperation, we can correspondingly discover reform and innovation ways: in macro mechanism, establishment and improvement of dialogue and coordination mechanism to support the construction of Sino Foreign Economic Cooperation Zone, connect the domestic and foreign bond markets, reform and innovate financial institutions risk control mechanism; in the micro business model, the development of the PPP business model, strengthening multiple structure design of financing and investment, to carry out cross-border asset securitization and innovate risk management channel.

(7) Overview of the development of global outsourcing market

Li Tinghui

The global international service outsourcing grows rapidly, forming the market pattern of developed countries to the United States, Europe and Japan as the representative for the main business of offshore outsourcing services issuing states, and India, China, Philippines as the representative of the Asian countries and the Middle East, Irish, central and eastern Europe and other countries for the offshore service outsourcing recipient countries. International service outsourcing provides a new space for the economic development of developed countries and developing countries, and has played a positive role in the global economic transformation and upgrading. However, with the development and application of the world’s science and technology, training and attracting of talents of every country, the pattern of global offshore outsourcing will changing. To this end, no matter for the issuing states or the recipient countries must find a suitable position in the changing market structure, and share the economic globalization of the dividend.

(8)A study on the successful model of state owned enterprises’downsizing, health, quality and efficiency

Liu Xianwei and Li Hongjuan

State owned enterprises’ slimming fitness, quality and efficiency has a far-reaching impact and is a significant and arduous task, the CPC Central Committee and State Council attached great importance to it and carried out a number of the deployment and research. Aimed at the state-owned enterprises’ widespread management levels, high operation cost, less prominent of main business, less innovation ability, lack of core competitiveness and other outstanding issues, many central state-owned enterprises take various measures to actively promote the relevant work and achieved certain results. By systematic research and summarizing the existing related practice and experience, we can roughly generate five successful models of reducing management level personnel, lowering cost and increasing efficiency, focusing on main business, innovation and entrepreneurship, and reunion and reorganization. State owned enterprises need to combine their own reality, flexibly use the existing successful experience and practice, accelerate the work of slimming fitness, and effectively improve the efficiency of enterprise management and the development of quality and core competitiveness.

(9)The experience and enlightenment of creative design in the UK

Li Rui

Britain is the birthplace of the world’s industrial design, but also the first proposer for the concept of creative industries, having a solid foundation for the design industry, various the development categories, obvious aggregation effect, with a good design market atmosphere. British government developed different policies in different stages of the development to promote the development of the design industry in order to promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector. At the same time, the related systems and organizations of the British design industry are also more complete, the advanced design education system and the unique design concept of University of Cambridge provide support for the design education personnel training, which are very worthy of reference.

Editor：Huang Yongfu

責任編輯：陳璇璇

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