金佛山方竹根圍從枝菌根真菌的初步研究

葉文蘭 駱禮華 江龍

摘要：為了調(diào)查金佛山方竹根圍從枝菌根（AM）真菌資源，對(duì)貴州省正安縣、桐梓縣和重慶市萬盛區(qū)金佛山方竹根系菌根侵染情況，根圍AM真菌種類組成、分布情況進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)果表明：金佛山方竹可以和AM真菌建立良好的共生關(guān)系；從方竹根際土壤中共分離鑒定出AM真菌24種，隸屬無梗囊霉Acaulospora、球囊霉屬Glomus、兩性球囊霉屬Ambispora、巨孢囊霉屬Gigaspora和盾巨孢囊霉屬Scutellospora，其中無梗囊霉屬，球囊霉屬為金佛山方竹根圍優(yōu)勢(shì)類群，大型無梗囊霉 Acaulospora colossica、蜜色無梗囊霉Acaulospora mellea、疣狀無梗囊霉屬Acaulospora tuberculata、薄壁原囊霉Ambispora leptotich、珠狀巨孢囊霉Gigaspora. margarita、美麗盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora calospora為金佛山方竹根圍優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種；孢子豐富度在三個(gè)地區(qū)為：重慶萬盛區(qū)>貴州正安縣>貴州桐梓縣，分布于貴州正安縣的有5屬15種、貴州桐梓縣有3屬9種、分布于重慶萬盛區(qū)的有5屬19種。

關(guān)鍵詞：金佛山方竹；從枝菌根真菌；資源調(diào)查

中圖分類號(hào)：Q9395

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào)：1008-0457（2017）02-0025-06國(guó)際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.02.005

Abstract：In order to investigating Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） resources of the Rhizoshere of Chimonobambusa Utilis. The infection situation， species and genera composition， distribution of AMF in the rhizoshere of chimonobambusa utilis of Zheng an county and Tongzi county of Guizhou， and Wansheng District of Chongqing were studied， the results showed： Chimonobambusa Utilis can establish a good symbiosis relation with AM fungi； 24 species of AMF were separated and identified from the rhizospheric soil of Chimonobambusa utilis. Which were belonged to the genera of Acaulospora， Glomus， Ambispora， Gigaspora and Scutellospora， among which Acaulospora were dominant groups and Acaulospora colossica、Acaulospora mellea、Acaulospora tuberculata、Ambispora leptotich、Gigaspora. margarita、Scutellospora calospora were dominant species in the rhizospheric soil of Chimonobambusa utilis. Spore richness in three regions： Wansheng Distric of Chongqing >Zheng an county of Guizhou>Tongzi County of Guizhou. There are 3 genera and 15species in Zheng an county of Guizhou， there are 5 genera and 9 species in Tongzi County of Guizhou， there are 5 genera and 17 species in Chongqing Wansheng District.

Key words：Chimonobambusa utilis； Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi； resource investigate

金佛山方竹（Chimonobambusa utilis （Keng） Keng f. ）是禾本科竹亞科寒竹屬植物[1]，僅分布于我國(guó)大婁山系，主要分布于西南地區(qū)重慶市萬盛區(qū)、貴州正安縣、桐梓縣等地區(qū)，為我國(guó)獨(dú)有資源[2]，方竹是造紙、竹器編制的好材料，同時(shí)，其筍質(zhì)晶瑩、筍肉鮮美肥嫩，具有“竹類之冠”的美譽(yù)[3]，加上反季節(jié)出筍，恰好能彌補(bǔ)筍源供給問題，在市場(chǎng)上具有廣闊的前景和巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值[4]。叢枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal， AM）真菌是一類廣泛與植物形成共生的土壤微生物，能夠與80%陸地高等植物建立共生體[5]，通過共生體，AM真菌能夠從植物中獲得糖類物質(zhì)來維持自身的生長(zhǎng)和繁殖，同時(shí)供給宿主植物所需要的礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)[6，7]，從而影響植物的生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)育，提高植物生產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)、增強(qiáng)植物抗逆性、提高苗木移栽成活率[8]。經(jīng)研究發(fā)……