貴州修文土壤—獼猴桃系統(tǒng)重金屬富集特征

劉晗　何騰兵　黨華美

摘要：為實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)獼猴桃生產(chǎn)提供基礎(chǔ)資料和科學(xué)依據(jù)，本文對(duì)貴州省典型獼猴桃種植基地的“土壤-莖-葉-果”作為系統(tǒng)的重金屬含量進(jìn)行分析測(cè)定，采用地積累指數(shù)法和植物重金屬富集系數(shù)法，探討獼猴桃植株及果實(shí)對(duì)重金屬的富集能力。結(jié)果表明：貴州修文獼猴桃種植基地土壤重金屬環(huán)境質(zhì)量基本安全；獼猴桃不同部位對(duì)重金屬的富集能力具有明顯差異，重金屬富集系數(shù)大小依次為葉>莖>果；獼猴桃果的重金屬含量均低于國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限定值。

關(guān)鍵詞：土壤；獼猴桃；重金屬；富集

中圖分類號(hào)：X53

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào)：1008-0457（2017）02-0053-04國(guó)際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.02.011

Abstract：In this paper， the heavy metals content in the system of soil- stem-leaves- fruit were determined in typical kiwi fruit planting base in Guizhou， which will provide the basic data and scientific basis for achieving high- quality production of kiwi fruit The accumulation ability of heavy metals of kiwi plants and the fruits were studied through the accumulation index method and plant heavy metal enrichment coefficient method The result showed that the content of soil heavy metal is under safety value in the kiwi fruit planting baseThe accumulation ability of heavy metals in different position of kiwi is greatly distinct and the rank of heavy metal accumulation coefficient is leaf > stem > fruit All of the content of heavy metal in different position of kiwi are lower than the allowable value of national standard

Key words：soil；kiwi； heavy metal； accumulation

獼猴桃營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，具有保健、美容、抗癌等功效，其維生素C含量極高，有“水果之王”的美譽(yù)。獼猴桃適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，栽培種植容易，成本低，效益高，可作為發(fā)展山區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的水果之一，貴州修文縣都是典型的獼猴桃種植基地。

目前針對(duì)獼猴桃種植的研究有很多，但在獼猴桃果園的土壤-植物系統(tǒng)重金屬方面的研究涉及較少。如別智鑫等[1]、黃春輝等[2]研究表明土壤養(yǎng)分與葉片養(yǎng)分之間存在協(xié)同與拮抗作用，增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量可以提高土壤中各有效養(yǎng)分的含量，從而有利于提升果實(shí)的品質(zhì)。張承等[3]對(duì)貴州省修文縣獼猴桃果園土壤養(yǎng)分分析的研究，并指出依據(jù)養(yǎng)分平衡原理施肥是果園管理的重要任務(wù)之一；吳迪等[4]通過對(duì)貴州省水城縣主要獼猴桃栽種鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)獼猴桃果園土壤酸堿度和養(yǎng)分的調(diào)查和分析；黃偉等[……