劉靜 田曉艷
【摘 要】基于隨機介質理論,考慮了隧道直徑、埋深、土體削減、圍巖性質等因素對主要影響角和間隙參數的影響,研究了Park位移模式3對盾構掘進引發的隧道軸線上方任一土層深度的空間變形。工程算例結果表明,本文方法相對于經驗解其曲線變化趨勢更符合實測值,相對于已有的研究結果其計算數值偏大,故工程應用偏于安全。
【關鍵詞】隨機介質理論;影響角;間隙參數;位移模式3;空間變形
The Spatial Displacement of the Deep Soil Induced by the Shield Excavation Based on the Stochastic Medium Theory
LIU Jing TIAN Xiao-yan
(Civil Engineering Department,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Shiyou University,Xian Shaanxi 710065,China)
【Abstract】Based on the stochastic medium theory,the spatial displacement of the deep soil is drawn in terms of the Park third displacement mode by considering the series parameters,such as the tunnel diameter, the tunnel buried depth,the ground loss,the properties around the rock,the ground influence angle,gap parameter,and so on.Combining with the specific engineering example and the existing research results,it is proved that the study curve trend of this paper is more in line with the measured field dates and the dates are bigger,so the results are more safe for the engineering application.
【Key words】The stochastic medium theory;Ground influence angle;Gap parameter;The third displacement;Spatial displacement
0 引言
對于地鐵隧道掘進期間誘發深層土體位移的探討,國內諸多學者集中于地表[1-3]沉降上,且現存的多數理論研究方法一般均假定隧道沿縱向無限長,即平面問題[4],但實際上盾構工藝誘發的土層變形是空間的。目前研究方法:源匯法[5-6]、復變函數法[7]、彈性力學法(Airy法[8]、mindlin解[9]、loganathan[10])、隨機理論[11-12]等?,F有方法存在的問題:源匯法得出曲線偏“淺而寬”的結論;復變函數法計算原理復雜;彈性力學法邏輯推導需要引入較多的假定。而20世紀50年代J.Litwinisyn首次闡述的隨機介質理論,后經劉寶琛、陽軍生、施成華、谷拴成等國內研究學者的擴展,其理論體系在預估地表位移時已相對成熟,且文獻[12]初步研究了深層土體的空間變位,提出需解決問題:一是合理選擇徑向位移模式;二是主要參數i(z)、g0、?茁z的擇選。但文獻[12]在參數選取時未考慮圍巖的土體性質,且文獻[4][16]結果顯示:圍巖土層性質對計算結果影響較大,所以本文結合Park第三種非均勻徑向位移模式,研究了隧道直徑、埋深、土體削減以及圍巖性質等因素引起的隧道軸線上覆任一土層深度的三維變形計算公式。
1 隨機介質理論在地層變形中的應用
1.1 開挖單元誘發的地層變位
將其視作無數個d?孜,d?灼,d?濁的疊加,采取隨機介質理論[13]得地層z向位移:
3 算例分析
以天津地鐵1號線為例分析:盾構機選用l=9m,D=6.39m土壓式機型,H=11.848m,?著=0.0075,u=0.3,實測土層主要為:黏土、粉土、粉質黏土,且隧道主要穿越為粉質黏土層,=28.6°,選取斷面x=-9,y=6m分析。
圖2表明:考慮圍巖土質概況的本文解在經驗解和齊靜靜解之間,且曲線趨勢與齊靜靜結論一致,但齊靜靜解相對于經驗值均偏小,工程上偏于不安全,此外經驗解近地表處計算值較適宜,但近隧道軸線處曲線變化形態差異較大,原因是經驗公式適用的條件是斷面小且埋深大的工程。此外本文解高于實測值,原因是現場監測值是假定地面為不動點來測定的,所以綜合分析認為采用本文的半解析方法預測深層土體的位移是合理可行的。
4 結論
本文基于Park位移模式3,采用隨機介質理論預估地鐵開挖誘發的圍巖空間變位積分表達式,利用數值積分通過計算機編程得其問題解,尤其是針對目前計算過程中參數取值存在的問題進行深入研究,結果表明:在確定土層深度的主要影響角和間隙參數時,不僅需要考慮隧道的埋深和斷面,還需考慮圍巖的土質概況,綜合各方面因素后才能得到較為精確的半解析解,才能偏安全的指導實際工程。
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