毛竹發筍與幼竹生長規律研究

成項托 賴信舟 陳明亮??賴玉玲 黃通??李武+張卓文 ??

摘要：以崇陽毛竹為研究對象，在毛竹生長較好的林分內進行標準地設置與調查，對筍體出土與毛竹幼竹生長規律進行了研究。結果表明，崇陽縣毛竹在正常情況下的出筍期為3月下旬至4月下旬，持續35 d 左右。在出筍期間，各天出筍率和退筍率均服從正態分布。從筍體出土到地徑生長停止為止，地徑生長期約為25 d，表現出“S”生長節律。從筍體出土到毛竹竹高生長停止，毛竹高生長期約45 d，比地徑生長期長約20 d，毛竹幼竹高生長過程出現晝夜節律，其竹高生長過程符合Logistic回歸模型。利用Fisher最優分割法可將幼竹生長過程劃分為4個階段：筍體出土期（第1～13 d）、幼竹較快速生長期（第14～25 d）、幼竹快速生長期（第26～35 d）及幼竹形成期（第36～45 d）。毛竹各生長因子之間存在相關性，如地徑與胸徑為線性相關， 地徑與竹高以及胸徑與竹高均為冪函數相關。依據毛竹發筍與幼竹生長規律，提出了維持毛竹林分可持續經營相應的生產技術。

關鍵詞：毛竹；筍體；幼竹生長；崇陽縣

中圖分類號：S7959文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1004-3020（2017）02-0001-05

Studies on the Rule of Bamboo Shooting and Young Bamboo Growth of Phyllostachys edulis

Cheng Xiangtuo （1）Lai Xinzhou （2）Chen Mingliang（2）Lai Yuling（2）Huang Tong（2）Li Wu （2，3）Zhang Zhuowen（2）

（1. Chongyang Forestry BureauXianning437547；2.Colloge of Horticulture and Forestry，

Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan430070；3.Xianning Forestry BureauXianning437000）

Abstract： Phyllostachys edulis in Chongyang had been taken as a research object. Plots had been set in growth better stands， and a research had been carried out into characteristics both bamboo shooting and young bamboo growth of Phyllostachys edulis. Results showed under normal circumstances， Bamboo shoot period was from late March to late April， lasting about 35 d in Chongyang. Both the shooting rate and the degenerated shoot rate presented as a normal distribution during whole shooting period. The diameter at ground growth stage was about 25 d， showing “S” growth rhythm. Young bamboo height growth showed day-night rhythm， the height growth process with 45 d was a Logistic regression model， and the height growth process was 20 d longer than that of the diameter at ground. Young bamboo growth process could be divided into 4 stages by means of Fisher time order cluster analysis： the bamboo shooting stage（1～13 d）， the bamboo accelerating growth stage（14 ～ 25 d）， the fast growth stage（26 ～ 35 d）and the young bamboo stage（36 ～ 45 d）. There were regressions between P. edulis growth factors， i.e diameter at ground to diameter at breast height was a linear， both diameter at breast height to height and diameter at ground to height a power. Based on characteristics of bamboo shooting and young bamboo growth， many suggestions corresponding production technology had been put forward in order to maintain a Moso bamboo stand sustainable management.

Key words：Phyllostachys edulis；bamboo shoots； young bamboo growth；Chongyang

毛竹Phyllostachys edulis是崇陽縣竹類中最重要的竹種。崇陽縣土地總面積199 4667 hm2，其中林業用地133 8000 hm2。毛竹面積26 0000 hm2，立竹量6 500萬株，年產竹筍12萬t，年砍竹材450萬根，產值16億元。毛竹廣泛分布在全縣12個鄉鎮68個行政村和2個國有林場，集中連片。崇陽不僅是毛竹生產適宜區和豐產區，還是全國的毛竹的中心產區之一＼[1＼] 。

長期以來，崇陽縣的竹林經營理念和管理技術還處在一個比較落后的水平，與浙江省安吉等地毛竹豐產區相比較存在著較大的差距。……