楊利 萬青青



摘要:以西洞庭湖青山湖城市濕地公園為研究區域,采用1993、1998、2002、2005、2009、2013 六年的遙感影像數據為基礎數據,從濕地環境、濕地景觀格局和社會經濟功能三方面選取評價指標,構建城市濕地公園生態系統健康評價指標體系。利用熵權法確定各指標權重,對西洞庭湖青山湖城市濕地公園景觀生態系統進行健康評價。評價結果顯示,1993~2013年濕地健康狀況均為亞健康狀態。根據綜合評價結果可得出,西洞庭湖青山湖城市濕地公園的綜合健康評價結果處于先降低后升高再降低再升高的狀態,在1998年和2005年健康狀況處于低水平狀態,2005年以后,城市濕地公園建立后健康狀況逐漸好轉。
關鍵詞:景觀格局;景觀健康評價;青山湖城市濕地公園
中圖分類號:S759.91文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1004-3020(2017)02-0014-06
Ecosystem Health Assessment of Qingshan Lake City Wetland Park in West Dongting Lake
Yang Li(1)Wan Qingqing(2)
(1.The Tourism College of Hunan Normal universityChangsha410081;2.The Resource and Environmental College of Hunan Normal universityChangsha410081)
Abstract: In recent years, national urban wetland park has a rapidly development in china, but the study of urban wetland park is still at the initial stage. Taking national Urban Wetland Park in West Dongting Lake as the research area,and using the remotely sensed images of 6 phases since 1993 to 2013, remote sensing data which obtained in 1993,1998,2002,2005,2009,2013, as basic data,through the supervised classification the wetland types of national urban wetland park are classified.The paper selected indexes from the environmental character, landscape pattern and the society economy function of the wetland, and then established an indicator system for ecosystem health evaluation of national urban wetland park. Using the entropy weight method to determine the index weight, and eventually evaluate landscape ecosystem health of the national urban wetland park in West Dongting Lake.Through analyzing the evaluation results to the health of these years, it is concluded that landscape ecosystem health status changes of research area in time and space, and gives reasonable suggestion for how to protect and manage the wetland park effectively.In view of the evaluation results some illness factors of the wetland were discussed in 1993-2013.According to the results,we can know that the health is not stable.The health status is at a lower level in 1998 and 2005,and the status is become healthier after 2005.
Key words:Landscape pattern;Ecosystem health evaluation ; Qingshan Lake urban wetland park
根據《國際濕地公約》中的定義,濕地就是指天然與人工的、長久與暫時的泥炭地、沼澤地、濕原或水域地帶,帶有靜止與流動的,或為咸水、半咸水、淡水體者,包括低潮時水體深度小于等于6 m的海域[1]。濕地被稱為“自然之腎”,其在調節氣候、蓄洪防旱、維持物種多樣性、調節水源、降低環境污染等方面起著十分重要的作用[2]。并且由于濕地生態系統的退化速度遠遠大于其他生態系統[3],這使得濕地生態系統相對其他的生態系統更為脆弱。
國家城市濕地公園是指納入城市綠地系統規劃的、且適宜作為公園的天然濕地類型,通過合理的保護利用,形成的集保護、科普、休閑等功能于一身的公園[5]。……