營口市2005～2014年猩紅熱流行特征

肖巖

【摘要】 目的 分析2005～2014年營口地區猩紅熱的流行病學特征， 為制定有效的預防控制措施提供理論依據。方法 采用描述性流行病學分析方法對2005～2014年營口市猩紅熱發病情況進行分析。結果 2005～2014年營口市共報告猩紅熱病例1774例， 無死亡病例， 平均發病率為7.4356/10萬， 其中， 2012年發病率最高， 為12.559/10萬， 2009年發病率最低， 為3.8127/10萬；發病為春末夏初和冬季兩次高峰， 5～6月發病共422例， 占總發病例數23.79%， 11～12月份發病共447例， 占總發病例數25.20%；病例以男性居多， 男性發病率為9.3327/10萬， 女性發病率為5.4524/10萬， 男性年平均發病率明顯高于女性， 差異有統計學意義（χ2=120.728， P<0.01）。最小發病年齡為2個月， 最大發病年齡58歲， 發病以3～8歲兒童為主， 共報告發病1329例， 共占發病總數的74.92%；病例主要以學生和托幼兒童為主， 學生發病689例， 構成比為38.84%， 幼托兒童發病652例， 構成比為36.75%， 散居兒童發病363例， 構成比為20.46%， 其他發病為70例， 構成比為3.95%。結論 2005～2014年營口市猩紅熱發病呈上升趨勢， 加強學校和托幼機構的監測與培訓指導工作以及開展健康教育宣傳工作是防制工作的重點。

【關鍵詞】 猩紅熱；流行特征；預防控制

DOI：10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.34.091

Epidemiological characteristics of scarlatina during 2005～2014 in Yingkou city XIAO Yan. Yingkou City Center for Disease Prevention and Control， Yingkou 115004， China

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of scarlatina during 2005～2014 in Yingkou area， and to provide theoretical reference for establishing effective prevention and control measures. Methods Morbidity situation of scarlatina in Yingkou city during 2005～2014 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method. Results There were totally 1774 reported scarlatina cases in Yingkou city during 2005～2014， without death case. Mean morbidity rate was 7.4356/100 thousand， along with the highest morbidity rate in 2012 as 12.559/100 thousand and the lowest in 2009 as 3.8127/100 thousand. Morbidity peak occurred in late spring and early summer， and winter. There were 422 cases in May～June， accounting for 23.79%， and 447 cases in November～December， accounting for 25.20%. Male cases were the majority with morbidity rate as 9.3327/100 thousand， while morbidity rate in female cases was 5.4524/100 thousand. Male cases had obviously higher mean morbidity rate than female cases， and the difference had statistical significance （χ2=120.728， P<0.01）. The minimum morbidity age was 2-month-old， and the maximum age was 58-year-old. Children aging 3～8 years old were the majority， as 1329 cases accounting for 74.92%. They were mainly students and kindergarten children. There were 689 students， accounting for 38.84%， 652 kindergarten children， accounting for 36.75%， 363 scattered inhabiting children， accounting for 20.46%， and 70 cases with other pathogenesis， accounting for 3.95%. Conclusion Morbidity rate of scarlatina shows its rising trend in Yingkou city during 2005～2014. It is necessary to enhance monitoring and training in school and kindergarten， and develop health education as key points in prevention and control work.