伊丹丹,黃韜,宋鵬,桑劍鋒
(1.南京醫科大學鼓樓臨床醫學院 普通外科 江蘇 南京 210008;2.南京大學醫學院附屬南京鼓樓醫院 普通外科 江蘇 南京 210008)
·論 著·
甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌手術方式對腫瘤復發影響的meta分析
伊丹丹1,黃韜1,宋鵬2,桑劍鋒2
(1.南京醫科大學鼓樓臨床醫學院 普通外科 江蘇 南京 210008;2.南京大學醫學院附屬南京鼓樓醫院 普通外科 江蘇 南京 210008)
目的:評估不同手術方式對甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌術后復發的影響。方法:搜索PubMed、中國知網中關于甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌手術方式及復發情況的相關文獻,使用Stata12.0軟件進行meta分析。結果:甲狀腺全葉切除術與甲狀腺非全葉切除術的患者術后復發差異無統計學意義,行頸部淋巴結清掃者較未清掃者術后更易復發。結論:甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌患者行甲狀腺非全葉切除術也是不錯的選擇。
甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌;手術方式;復發;meta-分析
甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC))WHO定義是指腫瘤直徑≤1cm的甲狀腺乳頭狀癌[1],其發生率逐年遞增,2008年達到總人群11.8%[2]。許多文獻都報道了PTMC的良好預后[2-5]。目前對PTMC的手術方式存在爭議:有些學者認為,盡管PTMC預后良好,但仍有復發、轉移和死亡的風險,應行甲狀腺全葉切除甚至必要時加作中央區淋巴結清掃[6-8];有些學者則認為,PTMC患者行甲狀腺全葉切除實屬過度治療[9],全葉切除并不能降低復發和死亡風險,甲狀腺次全甚至腺葉切除即能達到治療效果[10-12],且能減少甲狀腺全葉切除的并發癥的發生[13]。此外,Ito等[14]認為,可對于PTMC患者進行觀察,若出現疾病進展,再行手術切除。本研究就PTMC的手術方式對腫瘤復發的影響進行meta分析,現報道如下。
1.1 文獻來源和研究選擇
在PubMed數據庫中使用檢索式“papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and recurrence”、“PMC and recurrence”、“PTMC and recurrence”、“papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and prognosis”、“PMC and prognosis”、“PTMC and prognosis”,在中國知網中使用檢索式“甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌”,檢索2016年5月18日以前的英文文獻和中文文獻。對搜索到所有文獻的題目、摘要、關鍵詞進行閱讀。納入標準:(1)已發表的文獻,不包括綜述;(2)研究對象是PTMC患者;(3)所有研究均有甲狀腺全葉切除及非全葉切除手術方式及對應的復發情況數據;(4)研究樣本>50人,且均進行了術后的隨訪,P值均設定為0.05。其中甲狀腺全葉切除術包括單純甲狀腺全葉切除或甲狀腺全葉切除+頸部淋巴結清掃術,即不管是否行淋巴結清掃,只要甲狀腺仍有殘留均納入甲狀腺非全葉切除組。
1.2 數據提取
包括研究作者、論文發表時間、樣本量、甲狀腺全葉切除后發生或未發生復發的事件數,甲狀腺非全葉切除后發生或未發生復發的事件數。
1.3 資料分析
使用Stata12.0軟件進行meta分析,在綜合研究之前先對異質性進行研究。如果異質性大于50%應用隨機效應模型;如果異質性≤50%應用固定效應模型。應用比值比(odds ratio,OR)作為衡量標準,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
Pubmed中檢索了525篇文獻,中國知網中檢索了1229篇文獻,除去與PTMC無關、不包含甲狀腺手術方式及對應復發情況數據的文獻,共篩選出28個研究,其中2個研究將甲狀腺全葉切除術定義為甲狀腺全葉切除術和近全葉切除術,有4個研究無復發事件發生,1個研究數據與入組的英文研究相同,均予以剔除后,最終納入meta分析的共21個研究(表1)。文獻發表時間從2002年到2016年,總樣本量為7 592例。
表1 21個研究中PTMC患者手術方式和復發情況
Fig 1 Surgical operations and recurrence of PTMC in the 21 studies

作 者年份研究樣本量/例全葉切除/例全葉切除復發/例全葉切除復發率/%非全葉切除/例非全葉切除復發/例非全葉切除復發率/%ChoSY,etal[15]201533618284.415485.2LeeJ,etal[16]201420181245262.1773151.9MantinanB,etal[17]2012917779.11417.1PelizzoMR,etal[6]200640335910.344511.4KuoSF,etal[18]20116152611.5900.0CaliskanM,etal[19]201284242871.6414122.9KimKJ,etal[20]201516611140181.652191.7ArditoG,etal[21]20131491352820.71400.0ChoJK,etal[22]201252729493.123383.4PelizzoMR,etal[23]200414912600.023313.0PedrazziniL,etal[24]2013231177105.65459.3SiddiquiS,etal[25]201618414853.43600.0GülbenK,etal[26]2008816411.61700.0AppetecchiaM,etal[27]20021069222.21400.0張煥虎,等[10]2012102100.010133.0陸偉[11]20131764000.013610.7李莉,等[28]20151051000.09511.1王瑋,等[29]201389900.08011.3陳貴進,等[30]201388400.08422.4張磊,等[07]2015734924.124729.2馬濤[31]20111203400.08611.2合 計759246661302.82926822.8
對這21個研究進行固定效應模型研究,發現PTMC患者行甲狀腺全葉切除術和甲狀腺非全葉切除術術后復發差異無統計學意義(P=0.081,圖1);同時對這些研究行發表偏倚Begg法檢測,差異無統計學意義(Pr>|Z|=0.398,圖2)。進而對行甲狀腺非全葉切除術患者進行meta分析發現,行患側甲狀腺腺葉+峽部切除術組與行患側甲狀腺腺葉+對側次全切除術組術后復發率分別為2.05%(4/195)和1.23%(1/81),差異無統計學意義(P>0.05,表2)。我們又研究了頸部淋巴結清掃與否對復發的影響,結果表明,行頸部淋巴結清掃組(中央區淋巴結清掃和或頸側區淋巴結清掃)與不清掃組患者術后復發情況比較,差異有統計學意義(表2),行頸部淋巴結清掃術的患者更易復發;行中央區淋巴結清掃與不清掃組相比、行中央區淋巴結清掃與行中央區+頸側區淋巴結清掃患者相比,差異均無統計學意義(表2)。

圖1 甲狀腺全葉切除術與非全葉切除術對復發影響的固定效應模型meta分析
Tab 1 Fixed-effects meta-analysis of recurrence between total thyroidectomy group and non-total thyroidectomy group for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
表2 PTMC手術方式對復發影響的meta分析
Fig 2 Meta analysis of operation types and recurrence in patients with PTMC

手術方式研究個數OR值I2值95%CIP值患側甲狀腺腺葉+峽部切除組vs.患側甲狀腺腺葉+對側次全切除組31.0650.0%0.201~5.6360.941頸部淋巴結清掃組vs.不清掃組35.22643.2%2.176~12.5490.000中央區淋巴結清掃組vs.不清掃組36.27967.7%0.321~122.9840.226中央區淋巴結清掃組vs.中央區+頸側區淋巴結清掃組30.59282.6%0.005~76.2240.832

圖2 甲狀腺全葉切除術與非全葉切除術發表偏倚
Tab 2 Publication bias between total thyroidectomy group and non-total thyroidectomy group
本研究結果顯示:PTMC患者行頸部淋巴結清掃組比不行淋巴結清掃組術后更易復發;此外,行全葉切除術和非全葉切除術、患側腺葉+峽部術和患側腺葉+對側次全切除術,術中行中央區淋巴結清掃術與未行淋巴結清掃、中央區淋巴結清掃術組與中央區淋巴結清掃術+頸側區淋巴結清掃術之間比較,對術后復發的影響差異均無統計學意義。說明擴大PTMC的手術切除范圍并不能降低復發事件的發生,甲狀腺非全葉切除術也是不錯的選擇,而且還可減少術后并發癥的發生[13]。雖然本研究顯示行頸部淋巴結清掃組比不清掃組更易復發,但這并不能說明行頸部淋巴結清掃術沒有意義,這看似矛盾的結果可能與以下因素有關:首先樣本量較少,僅入組3個研究;其次有淋巴結轉移患者相比于無淋巴結轉移患者復發率高[32],有淋巴結轉移是影響患者預后的獨立因素[33],而入組的3個研究,行頸部淋巴結清掃者均是臨床懷疑或者確診有淋巴結轉移,即這些行頸部淋巴結清掃的患者本身就容易復發;我們的研究結果提示,對于臨床懷疑或者確診淋巴結轉移的患者,即使行頸部淋巴結清掃術,術后仍更易復發,這也間接反映出臨床懷疑或確診淋巴結轉移的患者是復發的高危人群。因此,我們與Gschwandtner等[2]研究認知一致,主張對可疑淋巴結轉移患者行淋巴結清掃術。
我們的研究還有很多缺陷。首先由于原始資料的缺乏,不能就甲狀腺全葉切除對術后復發影響進行分層分析,只能對各種手術方式進行單因素分析,而單因素分析僅針對此21項研究,可能不具有普遍性和科學性。其次入組資料是回顧性研究,有其固有的缺陷比如選擇偏倚、不精確或缺失數據。最后我們主要研究了甲狀腺全葉切除與術后復發的關系,關于具體的手術方式如甲狀腺全葉切除、甲狀腺近全葉切除、甲狀腺雙葉次全葉切除、單純甲狀腺腺葉切除等手術方式對復發影響的研究還未涉及,所以,仍需要更多的探索。
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Recurrence effect of differert surgical operations types on papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a meta-analysis
YI Dan-dan1,HUANG Tao1,SONG Peng2,SANG Jian-feng2
(1.DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,DrumTowerClinicalMedicalCollege,NanjingMedicalUniversity,Nanjing210008,China;2.DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,DrumTowerHospitalofNanjing,AffiliatedtoNanjingUniversityMedicalSchool,Nanjing210008,China)
Objective:To evaluate the recurrence effect of different surgical operation types on papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Method:Relevant studies concerning operation types and recurrence in PubMed and National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) were retrieved.Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 12.0 software.Results:There was no difference of recurrence between total thyroidectomy group and non-total thyroidectomy group,but those with cervical lymph node dissection were more likely to recur than those who didn′t.Conclusion:Non-total thyroidectomy may be a good choice for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
papillary thyroid microcarcinoma;recurrence;meta-analysis
2016-08-01
2016-08-26
南京市醫學科技發展項目(YKK15082)
伊丹丹(1991-),女,江蘇徐州人,在讀碩士研究生。E-mail:yidandan133@126.com
桑劍鋒 E-mail: drsangjianfeng@163.com
伊丹丹,黃韜,宋鵬,等.甲狀腺微小乳頭狀癌手術方式對腫瘤復發影響的meta分析[J].東南大學學報:醫學版,2017,36(1):48-52.
R653
A
1671-6264(2017)01-0048-05
10.3969/j.issn.1671-6264.2017.01.012