周香琴, 楊勝皎, 王琴龍, 蔣 輝, 唐存滿(mǎn)
(1. 浙江理工大學(xué) 教育部現(xiàn)代紡織裝備技術(shù)工程研發(fā)中心, 浙江 杭州 310018;2. 萬(wàn)利紡織機(jī)械研究院, 浙江 杭州 311243)
劍桿織機(jī)慣性載荷變化規(guī)律及提速試驗(yàn)
周香琴1,2, 楊勝皎1, 王琴龍2, 蔣 輝2, 唐存滿(mǎn)2
(1. 浙江理工大學(xué) 教育部現(xiàn)代紡織裝備技術(shù)工程研發(fā)中心, 浙江 杭州 310018;2. 萬(wàn)利紡織機(jī)械研究院, 浙江 杭州 311243)
為提高劍桿織機(jī)的車(chē)速,通過(guò)研究其傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)各構(gòu)件的主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量變化規(guī)律、分布規(guī)律,織機(jī)慣性載荷的變化規(guī)律等,獲取了織機(jī)各運(yùn)動(dòng)構(gòu)件對(duì)主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的占比規(guī)律。針對(duì)幅寬360 cm的WL680型劍桿織機(jī),通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)選,劍頭劍帶的質(zhì)量減輕28.26%,傳劍輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量減少45.73%,設(shè)計(jì)樣機(jī)。經(jīng)仿真驗(yàn)證:優(yōu)化后的樣機(jī)降低等效慣性載荷約27%,織機(jī)幅寬減小,其效果明顯下降。經(jīng)實(shí)物樣機(jī)測(cè)試驗(yàn)證:相同車(chē)速條件下,優(yōu)化后樣機(jī)振動(dòng)和功耗明顯降低,最高運(yùn)行速度提高約7%~8%。研究結(jié)果表明:雖然劍頭劍帶的質(zhì)量、傳劍輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量較小,但對(duì)主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的影響敏感,減小其質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量能有效減小織機(jī)慣性載荷、降低織機(jī)振動(dòng)和功耗、提高織機(jī)車(chē)速。
劍桿織機(jī); 主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量; 慣性載荷; 振動(dòng); 功耗
劍桿織機(jī)提速是行業(yè)的一個(gè)共同目標(biāo),是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題,劍桿織機(jī)車(chē)速和入緯率是衡量劍桿織機(jī)技術(shù)水平的重要指標(biāo)。滿(mǎn)機(jī)車(chē)速與織物品種密切相關(guān);空機(jī)車(chē)速與織機(jī)的技術(shù)水平相關(guān),涉及織機(jī)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和制造水平,與運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的構(gòu)型、運(yùn)動(dòng)副配合精度、運(yùn)動(dòng)構(gòu)件的質(zhì)量屬性密切相關(guān)。現(xiàn)有對(duì)劍桿織機(jī)的研究以運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)研究為主,研究機(jī)構(gòu)的工藝特征、機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律以及設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)等[1-2]。近年來(lái),劍桿織機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)精確度的研究逐漸被重視,研究運(yùn)動(dòng)副配合精度對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的影響[3]。為提高織機(jī)的速度,動(dòng)力學(xué)研究也正在興起,包含織機(jī)各種工作載荷的研究[4],慣性載荷的分析計(jì)算[5-7],考慮構(gòu)件彈性的動(dòng)力學(xué)分析[8-9]、織機(jī)墻板的動(dòng)載荷研究[10]等。在現(xiàn)有研究基礎(chǔ)上,本文試圖通過(guò)劍桿織機(jī)慣性動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究,獲取各構(gòu)件的主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的變化規(guī)律及分布規(guī)律,通過(guò)對(duì)比分析各構(gòu)件的主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量、織機(jī)引緯系統(tǒng)和打緯系統(tǒng)對(duì)主軸的等效慣性力矩等性能參數(shù),優(yōu)化相應(yīng)零件結(jié)構(gòu),降低其主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,減小織機(jī)的等效慣性力矩,達(dá)到劍桿織機(jī)提速的目的,并通過(guò)實(shí)物樣機(jī)試驗(yàn),測(cè)試不同車(chē)速條件下整機(jī)的振動(dòng)和功耗,驗(yàn)證結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的效果,為織機(jī)的提速提供一種有效途徑。
以浙江萬(wàn)利紡織機(jī)械有限公司生產(chǎn)的WL680型劍桿織機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,其織機(jī)引緯和打緯傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如圖1(a)所示。電動(dòng)機(jī)軸組件2在電磁力的作用下勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),通過(guò)齒輪嚙合帶動(dòng)主軸組件1、開(kāi)口傳動(dòng)軸組件3勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。主軸組件1通過(guò)由構(gòu)件1、4、0組成的共軛凸輪打緯機(jī)構(gòu),帶動(dòng)打緯軸組件4定軸擺動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)打緯動(dòng)作;主軸組件1通過(guò)構(gòu)件1、5、6、0組成的空間連桿機(jī)構(gòu),構(gòu)件6、7、8、0組成的平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu),構(gòu)件8、9、10、0組成的齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)帶動(dòng)劍頭劍帶組件10做往復(fù)直線(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)引緯動(dòng)作。通過(guò)改變構(gòu)件7上F點(diǎn)在構(gòu)件8上的位置實(shí)現(xiàn)引緯動(dòng)程的調(diào)節(jié)。三維模型如圖1(b)所示。

注:0—機(jī)架; 1—主軸組件; 2—電動(dòng)機(jī)軸組件; 3—開(kāi)口傳動(dòng)軸組件; 4—打緯軸組件; 5—引緯連桿組件; 6—搖擺座組件; 7—調(diào)節(jié)連桿組件; 8—扇形齒輪組件; 9—傳劍軸組件; 10—?jiǎng)︻^劍帶組件。圖1 劍桿織機(jī)引緯和打緯傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)Fig.1 Weft insertion and beat-up driving mechanism of rapier loom. (a) Mechanism sketch; (b) 3-D Model figure
運(yùn)用Pro/E軟件,分析織機(jī)的引緯、打緯機(jī)構(gòu)中各構(gòu)件的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律、質(zhì)量屬性,運(yùn)用后處理軟件分析各構(gòu)件的主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量變化規(guī)律,幅寬為360 cm織機(jī)的分析結(jié)果如圖2所示。

圖2 等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量變化規(guī)律(幅寬360 cm)Fig.2 Changing rules of equivalent moment of inertia (loom width with 360 cm). (a) Changing rules of J1, J2, J9, J10, Jy, Jz; (b) Changing rules of J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8

從圖2可知,等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量較大的組件有:主軸組件、電動(dòng)機(jī)軸組件、傳劍軸組件、劍頭劍帶組件。運(yùn)用各構(gòu)件的主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,計(jì)算其等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的占比為
計(jì)算結(jié)果如圖3所示。其中主軸組件1占整機(jī)等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量最大,最大占比45.40%;其次為電動(dòng)機(jī)組件2,最大占比42.99%;第3位為傳劍軸組件9,最大占比22.32%;第4位為劍頭劍帶組件10,最大占比16.53%。引緯系統(tǒng)各構(gòu)件主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量之和最大占比49.97%。

圖3 等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量分布規(guī)律(幅寬360 cm)Fig.3 Distribution rules of equivalent moment of inertia (loom width with 360 cm). (a) Changing rules of η1, η2, η9, η10, ηy; (b) Changing rules of η3, η4, η5, η6, η7, η8
等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量波動(dòng)情況見(jiàn)表1。筘座組件等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量波動(dòng)最大,大約達(dá)到614.6%,引緯系統(tǒng)中各組件的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量波動(dòng)均比較大,其中劍頭劍帶、傳劍軸、扇形齒輪等組件的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量波動(dòng)較大,叉形連桿的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量波動(dòng)相對(duì)較小。等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量波動(dòng)大的構(gòu)件對(duì)織機(jī)車(chē)速的影響較大。

表1 等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量波動(dòng)及占比
注:波動(dòng)量=(最大值-最小值)/平均值 ×100%。
3.1 劍頭劍帶及傳劍輪結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)選
在WL680型劍桿織機(jī)慣性載荷特征研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合其他劍桿織機(jī)引緯[5]、打緯[6]、開(kāi)口[7]等機(jī)構(gòu)的慣性載荷特性研究結(jié)果,獲得以下結(jié)論:1)劍桿織機(jī)慣性載荷以引緯和打緯系統(tǒng)為主;2)筘座組件的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量較大、波動(dòng)也大,降低筘座組件的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量對(duì)提高織機(jī)車(chē)速有利,但低速時(shí)打緯力降低;3)劍頭劍帶組件、傳劍軸組件等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量較大,減少其質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量對(duì)織機(jī)提高運(yùn)行速度比較有利。經(jīng)分析,WL680型劍桿織機(jī)傳劍軸組件的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量主要取決于傳劍輪,劍頭劍帶組件的質(zhì)量與劍頭結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān),因此通過(guò)合理設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),減輕其質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,達(dá)到提高織機(jī)車(chē)速的目的。優(yōu)化前后劍頭劍帶及傳劍輪質(zhì)量屬性對(duì)比如表2所示。

表2 質(zhì)量對(duì)比
3.2 優(yōu)化前后織機(jī)性能仿真分析
針對(duì)幅寬360 cm的WL680型劍桿織機(jī), 以370 r/min的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速仿真運(yùn)行,獲得空機(jī)(不含多臂)的主軸等效慣性力矩,結(jié)果如圖4所示。優(yōu)化后與優(yōu)化前相比,劍頭劍帶質(zhì)量減輕28.26%,傳劍輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量減輕45.73%,引緯等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量下降25.7%,整機(jī)等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量下降12.9%。

圖4 織機(jī)性能參數(shù)對(duì)比(幅寬360 cm)Fig.4 Loom performance parameters contrast (loom width with 360 cm). (a) Equivalent moment of inertia comparison; (b) Equivalent inertia torque comparison

織機(jī)的主軸等效慣性力矩有4個(gè)峰值,其中2個(gè)峰值出現(xiàn)在打緯區(qū)域,2個(gè)峰值出現(xiàn)在引緯區(qū)間,引緯區(qū)域的峰值大約是打緯區(qū)域的峰值的184%。優(yōu)化后,打緯區(qū)域主軸等效慣性力矩極值基本未發(fā)生變化,但在引緯區(qū)域主軸等效慣性力下降明顯,約下降27%。
3.3 優(yōu)化前后織機(jī)實(shí)物樣機(jī)測(cè)試驗(yàn)證
根據(jù)慣性載荷研究結(jié)果,經(jīng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),獲得幅寬360 cm的WL680型劍桿織機(jī)(升級(jí)版)。根據(jù)行業(yè)FZ/T 94004—2009《撓性劍桿織機(jī)》,運(yùn)用振動(dòng)加速度測(cè)試儀,在織機(jī)墻板表面分別取4個(gè)位置測(cè)試其振動(dòng)加速度,運(yùn)用功率表,測(cè)試主驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的功率消耗,測(cè)試結(jié)果如表3所示。

表3 振動(dòng)及功耗測(cè)試結(jié)果對(duì)比
注:—表示該位置處沒(méi)有測(cè)量。
當(dāng)織機(jī)以370 r/min運(yùn)行時(shí),優(yōu)化前后,織機(jī)的振動(dòng)加速度差異不大,優(yōu)化后織機(jī)的功耗比優(yōu)化前下降7.5%。當(dāng)織機(jī)運(yùn)行速度超過(guò)370 r/min時(shí),優(yōu)化后織機(jī)的振動(dòng)加速度明顯下降,織機(jī)的最高運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度大約提高7%~8%。
針對(duì)同款機(jī)型,幅寬190 cm的織機(jī),運(yùn)用仿真分析獲得如圖5所示主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量變化規(guī)律。

圖5 等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量變化規(guī)律(幅寬190 cm)Fig.5 Changing rules of equivalent moment of inertia (loom width with 190 cm).(a) Changing rules of J1a, J2a, J9a, J10a, Jya , Jza;(b) Changing rules of J3a, J4a, J5a, J6a, J7a, J8a

等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量分布規(guī)律如圖6所示。織機(jī)幅寬從360 cm減小到190 cm,整機(jī)等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量明顯減小,減小幅度達(dá)33.21%,引緯系統(tǒng)的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量下降幅度更大,達(dá)到64.99%。引緯系統(tǒng)的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量占比也明顯下降,最大占比為31.86%。采取與360 cm幅寬相同的劍頭劍帶及傳劍輪結(jié)構(gòu)(參數(shù)見(jiàn)表2),假設(shè)與360 cm門(mén)幅同等入緯率設(shè)置190 cm門(mén)幅織機(jī)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度,即以710 r/min(開(kāi)口機(jī)構(gòu)不運(yùn)動(dòng))仿真運(yùn)行,獲取優(yōu)化前后織機(jī)性能參數(shù),結(jié)果如圖7所示。

圖6 等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量分布規(guī)律(幅寬190 cm)Fig.6 Distribution rules of equivalent moment of inertia (loom width with 190 cm).(a)Changing rules of η1a, η2a, η9a, η10a, ηya;(b)Changing rules of η3a, η4a, η5a, η6a, η7a, η8a

圖7 織機(jī)性能參數(shù)對(duì)比(幅寬190 cm)Fig.7 Loom performance parameters contrast (loom width with 190 cm). (a) Equivalent moment of inertia comparison; (b) Equivalent inertia torque comparison

相比優(yōu)化前,優(yōu)化后最大主軸等效慣性力矩下降約15%,下降幅度明顯小于360 cm幅寬織機(jī),因此,減輕劍頭劍帶質(zhì)量及傳劍輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,對(duì)減小織機(jī)主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量、織機(jī)主軸等效慣性力矩的影響程度不明顯,由此可見(jiàn),針對(duì)窄幅織機(jī),通過(guò)該方法提速效果將不明顯。
慣性載荷是劍桿織機(jī)空機(jī)運(yùn)行的主要載荷,對(duì)織機(jī)的振動(dòng)、車(chē)速、功耗等運(yùn)行性能指標(biāo)影響較大。通過(guò)分析織機(jī)各構(gòu)件的主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的分布規(guī)律,減少主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量占比較大的構(gòu)件的質(zhì)量或轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,達(dá)到提高織機(jī)空機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度的目的。經(jīng)過(guò)分析獲得以下結(jié)論。
1)劍桿織機(jī)的劍頭劍帶組件、傳劍軸組件、扇形齒輪組件、打緯軸組件等處于運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈末端的高速運(yùn)動(dòng)構(gòu)件的主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量較大。
2)減小主軸等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量占比較大的構(gòu)件的質(zhì)量或轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,對(duì)降低主軸等效慣性載荷、減輕織機(jī)振動(dòng)、降低織機(jī)功耗、提高織機(jī)車(chē)速有明顯效果。
3)隨劍桿織機(jī)幅寬的減小,通過(guò)減小織機(jī)劍頭劍帶組件、傳劍軸組件等傳動(dòng)鏈末端構(gòu)件的質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量來(lái)提高劍桿織機(jī)車(chē)速的方法,其效果明顯下降。
[1] RECEP Eren, MESRUR Erturk, BARIS Hascelik. Kinematic design and motion analysis of spatial rapier drive mechanisms used in weaving machines[J]. Textile Research Journal, 2014, 84(19): 2065-2073.
[2] 周香琴.球面4R機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)特性研究及其應(yīng)用探索[J].中國(guó)機(jī)械工程, 2011,22(2):153-158. ZHOU Xiangqin.Kinematics characteristics research of spherical 4R mechanism and its application explore[J].China Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 22(2):153-158.
[3] 張雷,賀虎,孔佳元.含間隙和尺寸誤差空間連桿引緯機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)精度綜合分析[J].紡織學(xué)報(bào),2016,37(6):124-135. ZHANG Lei, HE Hu, KONG Jiayuan.Comprehensive analysis of motion accuracy for spatial linkage weft insertion mechanism with clearance and dimensional errors[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2016,37(6):124-135.
[4] 吳強(qiáng),李佳,陳革.立體織造打緯阻力的計(jì)算[J].東華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2013,39(5):614-617. WU Qiang, LI Jia, CHEN Ge. Computing on the beating-up force of 3D weaving[J]. Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science), 2013, 39(5):614-617.
[5] 周香琴,張雷. 劍桿織機(jī)空間連桿引緯機(jī)構(gòu)載荷特性研究[J].中國(guó)機(jī)械工程,2013,24(14):1881-1885. ZHOU Xiangqin, ZHANG Lei. Loading characteristic research of spatial linkage weft Insertion mechanism in rapier loom[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 24(14):1881-1885.
[6] 鄧威進(jìn),周香琴.基于Pro/E的織機(jī)打緯系統(tǒng)載荷特性研究[J].機(jī)電工程,2014,31(3):320-324. DENG Weijin, ZHOU Xingqin. Beating-up mechanism in rapier loom based on Pro/E loading characteris-tic[J]. Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, 2014, 31(3):320-324.
[7] 胡浙科,周香琴.基于Pro/E的開(kāi)口機(jī)構(gòu)慣性載荷特性研究[J].浙江理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013,30(5):723-728. HU Zheke, ZHOU Xiangqin.Research on characteristics of inertia loading of shedding mechanism based on Pro/E[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech.University, 2013, 30(5):723-728.
[8] 金國(guó)光,秦凱旋,魏展,等.劍桿織機(jī)柔性從動(dòng)件共軛凸輪打緯機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析[J].紡織學(xué)報(bào),2016,37(5):137-142. JIN Guoguang, QIN Kaixuan, WEI Zhan, et al. Dynamic analysis of flexible follower conjugate cambeating-up mechanism in rapier loom[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2016,37(5):124-135.
[9] 張雷,余克龍,陳少鐘,等.基于ANSYS 和ADAMS空間四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的柔性動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真[J],紡織學(xué)報(bào),2013,34(5):116-120. ZHANG Lei, YU Kelong, CHEN Shaozhong, et al.Flexible dynamics simulation for spatial four bar linkage weft insertion mechanism based on ANSYS and ADAMS[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2013,34(5):116-120.
[10] 沈丹峰,趙寧,張華安,等.織機(jī)四連桿打緯機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)主墻板的動(dòng)應(yīng)力分析[J],紡織學(xué)報(bào),2013,34(1):110-115. SHEN Danfeng, ZHAO Ning, ZHANG Hua′an, et al. Dynamic stress analysis of four-bar linkage beating-up mechanism on loom wallboard[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2013, 34(9):110-115.
Inertial load change rule and speed increasing test of rapier loom
ZHOU Xiangqin1,2, YANG Shengjiao1, WANG Qinlong2, JIANG Hui2, TANG Cunman2
(1.TheResearchCenterofModernTextileMachineryTechnology,MinistryofEducation,ZhejiangSci-TechUniversity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang310018,China; 2.WanliTextileMachineryResearchInstitute,Hangzhou,Zhejiang311243,China)
In order to increase the speed of a rapier loom, the change rule and the distributions of the equivalent moment of inertia on main shaft of all components of its driving system as well as the change rule of the inertial load on the loom were studied, and the proportion rule of the motion components of the loom to the equivalent moment of inertia on main shaft was obtained. For a WL680 type rapier loom with a reed width of 360 cm, by the structure optimization, the weight of rapier and ribbon is reduced by 28.26%, and the moment of inertia of the rapier wheel is reduced by 43.73%. A prototype was designed. The simulation results showed that the equivalent moment of inertia on main shaft of the optimized loom is reduced by 27%, and as the loom width decreases, the effect of this method reduces obviously. The physical prototype test showed that the vibration and power consumption of the optimized loom reduce obviously when running at the same speed, the highest speed of the optimized loom increases by 7%-8%. The results show that although the weights from rapier and ribbon are light and the moment of inertia of the rapier wheel is small, their influences on the equivalent moment of inertia on main shaft are sensitive, and it is great helpful to increase the loom speed and to reduce the vibration and power consumption of the loom by reducing its weight and moment of inertia.
rapier loom; equivalent moment of inertia on main shaft; inertial load; vibration; power consumption
10.13475/j.fzxb.20160805506
2016-08-25
2017-04-24
浙江省重大科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目(2013C01027)
周香琴(1965—),女,副教授,碩士。主要研究方向?yàn)閯U織機(jī)、機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)、機(jī)械振動(dòng)測(cè)試等。E-mail:zhouxiangqin@zstu.edu.cn。
TH 112.1; TS 103.3373
A