湖北遠安縣苦櫧天然林群落結構特征

肖正利++周丹

摘要：在對湖北省遠安縣苦櫧天然林群落調查的基礎上，分析了該地群落物種組成、物種多樣性等群落結構特征，擬為森林培育、造林樹種選擇及天然林資源保護等提供科學依據。結果表明：苦櫧天然林群落物種多樣性豐富，苦櫧處于主要競爭地位，樹種優勢明顯；喬、灌、草（藤）層次分明，現有苦櫧群落處于針闊混交林向常綠闊葉與落葉混交林過渡階段，并有向優勢種繼續發展的趨勢；群落穩定性較強，更新良好，處于旺盛生長階段。

關鍵詞：苦櫧；群落；結構特征；遠安縣

中圖分類號：S718.54+；S718.3文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1004-3020（2017）04-0006-05

Community Structure Characteristics

of Natural Forests Castanopsis sclerophylla of Yuan'an County

Xiao Zhengli（1）Zhou Dan （2）

（1.Yuan'an County Forestry Bureau in Yichang City of Hubei ProvinceYichang444200；2.Yiling County Forestry Bureau in Yichang City of Hubei ProvinceYichang443100）

Abstract： Based on the investigation of the natural forest community of Castanopsis sclerophylla in Yuan'an County of Hubei Province， the species composition，community structures and other structure characteristics were analyzed to provide scientific basis for forest cultivation，selection of afforestation species and the protection of natural forest resources. The results showed that there were abundant species diversity in C.sclerophylla community， which is in the main competitive position with obvious species advantages；The layers of arbors， shrubs and herbages （liane） could be distinguished clearly，there are C.sclerophylla communities in the transitional phase from the theropencedrymion to the evergreen broadleaf forest，mixed deciduous forest， and there is a tendency to continue to develop towards dominant species； The stability of the C.sclerophylla community is strong with good update，and it is in the vigorous growth stage.

Key words：Castanopsis sclerophylla；community；structure characteristic；Yuan'an

苦櫧（Castanopsis sclerophylla），為殼斗科，錐屬喬木，常綠闊葉樹種，廣布于長江以南各省區，分布長江沿線，號稱標志長江南北地區的“分界樹” [1]，高5～10 m，稀達15 m，觀賞價值高，抗CO2等有毒氣體，可用于園林綠化；苦櫧樹葉為厚革質，兼有防風、避火作用，鮮葉可耐425 ℃的高溫度，是很好的防火樹種之一；苦櫧果實外表與板栗類似，種仁富含淀粉，浸水脫澀后可制成苦櫧粉、苦櫧豆腐、苦櫧粉絲、苦櫧粉皮、苦櫧糕，是防暑降溫的佳品[2]；苦櫧木材淺黃色或黃白色，結構致密、紋理直，富有彈性，耐濕抗腐，是珍貴的工業用材樹種，為上等材；苦櫧的枝丫為優良的食用菌培養材料[3]。

1研究區域自然概況

研究區域位于湖北省遠安縣茅坪場鎮白云村區域，為長江一級支流漳河流域邊緣，生態地位十分重要，屬遠安縣國有大堰林場范圍，東經111°46′38″，北緯31°15′44″，海拔160～818 m，是國家天然林資源保護工程實施縣之一，天然林休養生息和恢復重要保護地，范圍內天然林群落結構完整，物種多樣性豐富。……