疏花水柏枝群落調查與保護研究

劉偉++劉秀群++孫政

摘要：疏花水柏枝（Myricaria laxiflora）是檉柳科水柏枝屬中一種重要的保護植物。本次對宜昌、宜都、枝江三處江心洲上的疏花水柏枝群落進行了調查，目的是全面了解疏花水柏枝的分布、生長和伴生物種等情況，并提出合理有效的保護措施。利用樣方法記錄疏花水柏枝地理信息、個體數量和生長狀況等，同時利用樣方信息計算疏花水柏枝的出現度，估算植株數量，以便于保護管理工作的開展。

通過調查發(fā)現三峽大壩的蓄水和排水功能使得大壩下游形成了新的消落帶，形成了適宜疏花水柏枝生長的半水淹環(huán)境，而環(huán)境改變和人為干擾等因素均影響疏花水柏枝的生長。目前應建立疏花水柏枝自然保護區(qū)，以減少人為干擾。同時，通過遷地保護、人工與繁殖迅速擴大種群數量。希望通過此次調查為以后疏花水柏枝的保護工作起到一定的借鑒，這對于保證物種多樣性、基因多樣性都有著重大意義。

關鍵詞：疏花水柏枝；群落調查；三峽大壩；消落帶；保護措施

中圖分類號：S7939文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1004-3020（2017）04-0025-07

Investigation and Protection of Myricaria laxiflora

Liu Wei（1）Liu Xiuqun（2）Sun Zheng（2）

（1.Investigation and Planning Institute of Hubei ForestryWuhan430079；2.Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant

Biology（Ministry of Education）/College of Horticultural and Forestry Science，Huazhong Agricultural

UniversityWuhan430070 ）

Abstract： Myricaria laxiflora is an important conservation plant.The purpose of this investigation is to understand the distribution， growth and associated species of M.laxiflora on Yichang ，Yidu， Zhijiang to find out the reasonable and effective protection measures. In the investigation， the geographical information， the plant number and the growth status were recorded by using the sampling method for a general understanding of the status of the species growth through these data. We Calculated the its number by Sample information and estimated the its total number in order to carry out the subsequent protection and management. Through the investigation， We inferred that the water storage and drainage function of the Three Gorges Dam made the downstream of the dam just formed a new falling zone， forming a semi-flooded environment for the growth of M.laxiflora. Environmental changes， human disturbance and other factors affect the growth of M. laxiflora together. We concluded that the more effective method is to establish a nature reserve to reduce human interference. Besides， Exsitu conservation and artificial cultivation are also important methods to rapidly expand the number of populations. We hoped that this investigation will provide some reference for the future protection work， which is of great significance to ensure the diversity of species and gene diversity.

Key words：Myricaria laxiflora；Population investigation； Three Gorges Dam；falling zone；conservation measures

疏花水柏枝屬于檉柳科（Tamaricaceae）水柏枝屬（Myricaria）中的一種耐水淹灌木。最早是在1984年，由中國植物學家張鵬云和張耀甲對水柏枝屬植物進行研究和分析后，發(fā)現疏花水柏枝與其他水柏枝品種在很多方面有較大差異，因此將其提升為種，并命名為疏花水柏枝[2]。

疏花水柏枝為直立灌木，高達15 m。老枝紅褐色，光滑，當年生枝綠色或紅褐色。單葉，互生，無柄，密生于當年生枝上，披針形或長圓形，長2～4 mm，寬08～1 mm，先端鈍或銳尖，常內彎，基部略擴展，具狹膜質邊。……