42個牡丹品種葉部抗病性選育試驗

張海玲 李薇 高本旺 賈國梅 趙勇 丁愛瓊 趙新華

摘要：為選擇適應宜昌市丘陵崗地栽培的觀賞牡丹品種，探索合適的栽培措施，從山東菏澤引進了42個觀賞牡丹品種。采取搭棚和根部覆膜兩種不同栽培措施，以無覆蓋露天栽培措施作為對照，在7、8、9月分別調查牡丹葉部感病程度，并對牡丹不同品種間、不同栽培措施間、不同月份間的病情指數進行方差分析。牡丹不同品種間、不同栽培措施間、不同月份間抗病性均有顯著性差異，其中“島錦”等18個牡丹品種抗病性良好；采取搭棚栽培措施能顯著降低牡丹葉部感病程度；隨著高溫高濕天氣持續，牡丹葉部病害由輕到重不斷發展。

關鍵詞：牡丹；栽培措施；抗病性；選育；宜昌市

中圖分類號：S432文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1004-3020（2017）04-0044-04

Breeding Experiment of Leaf Resistance for Fortytwo Peony Cultivars

Zhang Hailing（1，2）Li Wei（1）Gao Benwang（1） Jia Guomei（2）Zhao Yong（3） Ding Aiqiong（4）Zhao Xinhua（5）

（1.Management Office of Three Gorges Botanical GardenYichang443111；

2.College of Biological and Pharmaceutical

Sciences，Three Gorges UniviersityYichang 443002；3.Forest Plant Quarantine Station of Yiling DistrictYichang443100；

4.Comprehensive Service Center of Wujia DistrictYichang443000；

5.StateOwned Dalaoling Forest FarmYichang443000）

Abstract： In order to select out the ornamental peony cultivars which suit condition in hilly land of Yichang， and explore the suitable cultivation measures， we introduced 42 ornamental peony varieties from Heze of Shandong province. Taking two kinds of cultivation measures which were putting up a shed and covering root， with uncovered openair cultivation measure as a control，the decease infection of peony leaves were investigated in July， August and September respectively， and the variance analysis of different varieties， different cultivation measures and different months were taken.The results showed that there were significant differences of the disease resistance in different varieties， different cultivation measures and different months，“Daojin” with other 18 peony varieties had good resistance to disease；putting up a shed which cultivation measure can significantly reduce the decease infection of peony leaves；with the continuous high temperature and humidity weather ，peony leaves disease was developing from light to heavy.

Key words：peony；cultivation measures；disease resistance；breeding；Yichang

牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa）屬毛茛科芍藥屬落葉小灌木，其花國色天香、雍容華貴，自古被譽為花中之王，是中國特有的十大名花之一，具有富貴吉祥的象征[1]。牡丹經過千百年的栽培實踐，形成了以中原、西北、江南及西南地區為主的四大品種群[2]。其中，中原牡丹品種有800余個，品種最豐富，觀賞價值最高，是優良的園林綠化樹種[3]。山東菏澤是觀賞牡丹的集中地之一。

由于牡丹的生態生物學特性，以及不同引種地的氣候、土壤條件差異，觀賞牡丹還未能在全國廣泛種植，充分滿足人們的觀賞需要。在南方高溫高濕地區引種栽培觀賞牡丹的適應性研究已有報道，李宗艷等通過對牡丹萌芽、成枝、花芽分化、開花等物候指標的觀測分析[4-6]，認為南方地區具有栽種觀賞牡丹的潛力?！?br>