陳 萍 胡 平
江蘇省鹽城市第一人民醫(yī)院腫瘤科,江蘇鹽城 224000
培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑與紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑一線治療轉移性肺腺癌的療效對比觀察
陳 萍 胡 平
江蘇省鹽城市第一人民醫(yī)院腫瘤科,江蘇鹽城 224000
目的探討培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑與紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑治療轉移性肺腺癌的療效﹑無進展生存期和毒副反應。方法培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組(PC組):培美曲塞500mg/m2,第1天靜脈滴注30min,順鉑75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。培美曲塞用藥前1周常規(guī)預處理,肌肉注射維生素B12 1000μg 1次,葉酸400μg/d,用藥前一天,用藥當天﹑用藥后一天口服地塞米松4mg,每日2次。紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組(TP組):紫杉醇135mg/m2,第1天靜脈滴注2h,順鉑75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。兩種方案均21d為1個化療周期,至少完成4周期以上化療。按照RECIST標準評價化療療效和毒性。結果PC組和TP組的有效率分別為45.8%﹑41.7%(P>0.05)。48例患者均可評價療效,PC組部分緩解11例,穩(wěn)定8例,進展5例,有效率45.8%,疾病控制率79.2%;TP組部分緩解10例,穩(wěn)定7例,進展7例,有效率41.7%,疾病控制率70.8%。中位無進展生存期(PFS)分別為5.7個月和4.6個月(P=0.021)。兩組主要毒副反應主要為骨髓抑制﹑胃腸道反應和周圍神經(jīng)毒性。紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組的骨髓毒性及胃腸道不良反應發(fā)生率較高。結論培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑治療轉移性肺腺癌的近期療效與紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑方案相當,但培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑方案無進展生存期延長,毒副反應輕,安全性高,是較理想的化療方案。
肺腺癌;培美曲塞;紫杉醇;順鉑;化學治療
近年來,肺癌的發(fā)病率和死亡率均排在惡性腫瘤的首位[1-2]。其中,肺腺癌的發(fā)病率逐年升高,超過70%的患者為中晚期,常失去手術機會,因此化療是治療進展期和轉移性肺腺癌的主要手段之一。培美曲塞(pemetrexed)是一種新型的多靶點抗葉酸制劑,作用于葉酸依賴性代謝途徑中的多個酶,包括胸苷酸合成酶(TS),二氫葉酸還原酶(DHFR)和甘氨酰胺核苷甲酰基轉移酶(GARFT)等,從而抑制腫瘤細胞的生長[3-4]。由于其耐受性較好,不良反應小,與鉑類藥物聯(lián)合應用治療晚期非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)受到推崇。因此,本研究于2013年1月~2016年12月期間,采用培美曲塞或紫杉醇(paclitaxel)聯(lián)合順鉑(cisplatin)的方案,治療轉移性肺腺癌患者48例,進行對比研究,觀察和比較兩種聯(lián)合化療方案的療效﹑無進展生存期(PFS)及不良反應。

表1 48例患者的近期療效
我們在2013年1月~2016年12月期間,采用培美曲塞或紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑的方案,治療轉移性肺腺癌患者48例。PC組24例患者,其中女13例,男11例;年齡45~73歲,平均(59.9±8.6)歲;按照病情程度:多處病灶轉移9例,單處病灶轉移15例。TP組24例患者,其中女14例,男10例;年齡48~72歲,平均(60.5±7.1)歲;按照病情程度:多處病灶轉移8例,單處病灶轉移16例。48例轉移性肺腺癌患者均為初治,所有患者均經(jīng)病理學或細胞學確診為肺腺癌,有可測量評價的病灶。對兩組患者性別﹑年齡﹑病情程度資料進行比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
PC組:培美曲塞(江蘇森豪藥業(yè)股份有限公 司,H20051288)500mg/m2,第 1天靜 脈 滴 注30min,順鉑(齊魯制藥有限公司,H20073653)75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。培美曲塞用藥前1周常規(guī)預處理,肌肉注射維生素B121000ug 1次,葉酸400μg/d,用藥前一天,用藥當天﹑用藥后一天口服地塞米松4mg,每日2次。TP組:紫杉醇(揚子江藥業(yè)集團有限公司,H20053001)135mg/m2,第1天靜脈滴注2h,順鉑75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。兩種方案均21d為1個化療周期,化療前后患者查血常規(guī)﹑肝腎功能。每進行2周期化療后做胸腹部CT,頭顱MRI等評價療效。
近期療效按RECIST療效評價標準分為完全緩解(CR)﹑部分緩解(PR)﹑穩(wěn)定(SD)和進展(PD)。RECIST標準如下[5-6]:CR:所有目標病灶均消失,4周后復測確認;PR:基線病灶最大徑之和至少減小30%,4周后復測確認;SD:基線病灶最大徑之和有減小但未達PR或有增加但未達PD,4周后復測確認;PD:基線病灶最大徑之和至少增加20%,或出現(xiàn)新病灶。CR+PR為總有效率(RR);CR+PR+SD為疾病控制率(DCR)。毒副反應按WHO標準分0~Ⅳ度。無進展生存期(PFS)定義為自首次入組化療開始至疾病進展或死亡的時間。
采用SPSS20.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學處理。計量資料以()表示,采用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料以百分比表示,采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
符合入組條件的病例48例,均完成4~6周期化療,全部病例進入療效評價及不良反應的評價。PC組24例:部分緩解(PR)11例,穩(wěn)定(SD)8例,總有效率為45.8%,疾病控制率79.2%;TP組24例:部分緩解10例,穩(wěn)定7例,總有效率為41.7%,疾病控制率70.8%。兩組總有效率和疾病控制率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=0.085,0.444,P> 0.05),見表 1。
培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組和紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組的主要毒副反應為骨髓抑制﹑消化道反應等。培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組出現(xiàn)I度骨髓抑制6例,II度骨髓抑制2例,III度骨髓抑制6例。紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組出現(xiàn)I度骨髓抑制9例,II度骨髓抑制4例,III度骨髓抑制3例,IV度骨髓抑制1例,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=4.148,P=0.042);其次是消化道反應,培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組I-II度嘔吐6例,III度嘔吐2例,紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組I-II度嘔吐15例,4例出現(xiàn)III度嘔吐現(xiàn)象,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=10.243,P=0.001),經(jīng)對癥,止吐治療后均在5d內(nèi)好轉。其中培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組骨髓抑制和消化道反應的發(fā)生率顯著低于紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組。見表2。
PC組患者的中位無進展生存時間為5.7個月,TP組患者的中位無進展時間為4.6個月,兩組的生存曲線比較有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=5.349,P=0.021),PC組患者的無進展生存時間比TP組的長。見圖1。

表2 48例患者的毒副反應情況

圖1 兩組患者無進展生存時間曲線比較
肺癌是最常見的惡性腫瘤,全球每年肺癌新發(fā)病例和相關死亡病例均超過一百萬例,非小細胞肺癌占所有肺癌80%以上,70%以上患者發(fā)現(xiàn)時已伴有局部或遠處轉移,已失去手術切除機會,以化療為主的綜合治療是其主要治療手段。以鉑類為基礎的聯(lián)合化療方案成為標準的治療方案,中位生存期約8~11個月[7]。
培美曲塞系多靶點抗葉酸制劑,它作用于葉酸依賴性代謝途徑中的多個酶,為多靶點抗葉酸藥物。通過破壞細胞內(nèi)葉酸依賴性的正常代謝過程,抑制細胞復制,從而抑制腫瘤生長,培美曲塞可抑制胸苷酸合成酶﹑二氫葉酸還原酶和甘氨酰胺核苷酸甲酰轉移酶的活性,使細胞分裂停止于S期,從而影響胸腺嘧啶核苷酸和嘌呤核苷酸的生物再合成[8-9]。其抗瘤譜廣,在肺癌﹑惡性胸膜間皮瘤﹑乳癌﹑婦科腫瘤中應用廣泛,毒副反應較低,在NSCLC除鱗癌外的療效均明顯優(yōu)于其他常用化療藥物[10-13]。因此,F(xiàn)DA在2008年9月30日正是批準培美曲塞可聯(lián)合順鉑作為局部惡化和轉移并伴有非鱗狀組織學特征的NSCLC的一線治療方案。Scagliotti等[14-15]發(fā)表了培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑一線治療晚期NSCLC的研究,結果表明培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑的方案與對照組相比更加具有安全性,同時,腺癌患者和大細胞癌患者的總生存期長于對照組。
本研究應用培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑一線治療轉移性肺腺癌,近期有效率達45.8%,疾病控制率79.2%,中位無進展生存期5.7個月,患者臨床獲益優(yōu)于紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑治療組。骨髓抑制是培美曲塞和紫杉醇最常見的毒副反應,PC組未見IV度骨髓抑制,TP組III-IV度骨髓抑制達16.7%,經(jīng)積級治療后均可恢復,未出現(xiàn)治療相關性死亡。PC不良反應發(fā)生率低,耐受性更好,安全性更高,更適宜于老年高齡,體力狀況稍差的患者。
綜上所述,培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑的方案,用于治療轉移性肺腺癌療效確切,可延長患者的無進展生存時間,改善患者生活質(zhì)量,耐受性良好,安全性高,可用于晚期肺腺癌患者的一線治療。
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Clinical effect of Pemetrexed with cisplation and Paclitaxel with cisplation in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer
CHEN Ping HU Ping
Department of Oncology,Yancheng 1st Hospital of Jiangsu Province,Yancheng 224001,China
Non-small cell lung cancer;Pemetrexed;Paclitaxel;Cisplatin;Chemotherap
R734.2
A
2095-0616(2017)19-28-04
2017-07-03)
[Abstrcat] ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and toxicity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated by pemetrexed combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel combined with cisplatin.MethodsPemetrexed with cisplation group(pc):pemetrexed 500mg/m2for 30minutes on the first day and cisplatin 75mg/m2for 2 hours on the first day to the three day by intravenous in fusion.Pretreatment of pretreatment of Permian was pretreated 1 week before,intramuscular injection of 1000μg VB12,folic acid 400μg/d,Oral dexamethasone 4mg at the day before medication,the day after medication and the day after medication,bis in die.Paclitaxel combined with cisplatin group:Patients reveived paclitaxel 135mg/m2for 2 hours on day 1 and cisplatin 75mg/m2for 2 hours on day 1 to day 3 by intravenous in fusion.Each patients was given 4 cycles at least.The chemotherapy was repeated every 21 days and the efficacy and toxicity were then evaluated. ResultsThe total effective of the PC group and TP group is separate 45.8% and 41.7%,(P>0.05).The response rate of all the patients were evaluated.There were 11 partial remission(PR),8 stable disease(SD) and 5 progressive disease(PD)in the PC group,the overall response rate was 45.8% and disease control rate (DCR)was 79.2%.While,there were 10 partial remission(PR),7 stable disease(SD) and 7 progressive disease(PD)in the TP group,the overall response rate was 41.7% and disease control rate (DCR)was 70.8%.The PFS of each group were 5.7 month and 4.6 month(P=0.021).The major toxic reaction included marrow depression, gastrointestinal reaction and peripheral neurotoxicity.Marrow depression,gastrointestinal reaction are more pronounced in paclitaxel combined with cisplatin group.ConclusionChemotherapy with pemetrexed combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer is effective and safe,which can improve the patient quality of life.