郭紅偉,趙媛媛,王海元,程艷麗
(清華大學第一附屬醫院 消化內科,北京 100016)
無痛結腸鏡前聚乙二醇口服時間對腸道準備效果的影響
郭紅偉,趙媛媛,王海元,程艷麗
(清華大學第一附屬醫院 消化內科,北京 100016)
目的觀察無痛腸鏡術前不同時間口服復方聚乙二醇電解質散劑進行腸道準備的清腸效果和舒適性。方法收集消化內科住院期間173例行無痛結腸鏡檢查患者的資料,根據口服復方聚乙二醇電解質散劑的時間不同分為3組,A組檢查前1天22:00服用4盒,檢查時間為當天8∶30~10∶30。B組檢查前1天20∶00服用1盒,檢查當天5∶00服用3盒,檢查時間為當天10∶30~12∶30。C組檢查前1天20∶00服用1盒,檢查當天7∶00服用3盒,檢查時間為當天13∶30~15∶30。比較3組患者結腸準備質量,并評估患者舒適度。結果A、B和C組結腸準備清潔充分率分別為61.4%、78.7%和72.7%,差異無統計學意義(P=0.111),3組患者主觀舒適度比較,B、C組患者腸道準備中舒適度優于A組,不良反應發生率偏低,差異有統計學意義(P=0.036),但B組與C組患者在腸道準備中舒適度差異無統計學意義(P=0.921)。結論無痛腸鏡術前3種不同時間口服復方聚乙二醇電解質散劑對腸道清潔度無影響,但分次口服聚乙二醇電解質散劑比單次服用不良反應小,患者容易接受,是比較理想、安全的無痛結腸鏡前腸道準備方法。
復方聚乙二醇電解質散劑;無痛結腸鏡檢查;腸道準備
結腸鏡檢查是診斷和治療腸道疾病最常用、有效的檢查方法之一,而無痛結腸鏡檢查因根本上解決了結腸鏡檢查及治療給患者帶來的不良體驗而促進了其診治的開展。腸道清潔度直接影響結腸鏡檢查及內鏡治療的質量,充分的腸道準備是保證腸鏡檢查的進鏡、視野及觀察準確性的先決條件[1]。理想的腸道準備方法應具備以下特點:①能在短時間內排空結腸內糞便;②不引起結腸黏膜改變;③不會引起患者不適,依從性好;④不導致水電解質紊亂;⑤價格適中[2-3]。聚乙二醇電解質散作為容積性瀉劑,是目前國內最常用的腸道清潔劑,但聚乙二醇的服用時間目前尚無統一標準。本研究通過比較3種不同腸道準備時間下無痛結腸鏡腸道清潔質量以及腸道準備中患者耐受性,評價最佳的腸道準備時間。
收集2016年10月-2016年12月在本院消化內科內鏡中心接受靜脈麻醉結腸鏡檢查并使用復方聚乙二醇電解質散作為腸道清潔劑的患者173例,男女不限,年齡19~85歲,隨機分為A、B和C組。其中,A組57例,男28例,女29例,年齡19~78歲,平均(45.9±0.9)歲;B組61例,男37例,女24例,年齡21~83歲,平均(46.6±0.7)歲;C組55例,男23例,女32例,年齡24~85歲,平均(48.1±0.5)歲。納入研究的病例均取得患者及家屬同意且3組患者年齡、性別等比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。排除標準:妊娠期或哺乳期婦女,嚴重心肺疾病不能進行靜脈麻醉者,有麻醉藥物過敏史者,意識障礙者,消化道出血活動者,消化道梗阻或穿孔者。
聚乙二醇電解質散劑(Ⅳ)(舒泰清,舒泰神北京生物制藥股份有限公司):每盒含有A、B兩劑各3袋包,A劑成分:聚乙二醇4000 13.1250 g;B劑成分:劑碳酸氫鈉0.1785 g、氯化鈉0.3507 g、氯化鉀0.0466 g。每盒A、B劑共6包溶于750 ml溫水中成溶液,每隔10~15 min服用250 ml,飲用水溫度為30~40℃。
所有無痛結腸鏡檢查前一晚進半流食,檢查當日禁食。A組患者檢查前一晚22∶00服用聚乙二醇溶液3 000 ml,次日上午8∶30~10∶30行無痛結腸鏡檢查。B組患者檢查前一晚20∶00服用聚乙二醇溶液750 ml,檢查當日5∶00再次服用聚乙二醇溶液2 250 ml,當日10∶30~12∶30行無痛結腸鏡檢查。C組患者檢查前一晚20∶00服用聚乙二醇溶液750 ml,檢查當日7∶00服用聚乙二醇溶液2 250 ml,當日13∶30~15∶30行無痛結腸鏡檢查。服用研究藥物前1周內禁止患者服用其他瀉藥,服用過程中囑患者緩慢走動、順時針方向輕輕按摩腹部促進胃腸蠕動。
1.4.1 腸道清潔度 采用目前應用最廣泛的腸道準備評分量表Boston量表[4]:每段結腸,包括右側結腸、橫結腸、左側結腸評分均為0~3分,總分0~9分;每段結腸評分≥2分提示腸道準備充分;總分<6分或任意一段結腸得分<2分為腸道準備不充分[5],評分標準如下: 0分:有大量固體殘留,黏膜不可見;1分:有固體或液體潴留,黏膜部分可見;2分:有棕色液體、可移動半固體殘留,黏膜全部可見;3分:清潔,黏膜全部可見。無痛結腸鏡檢查由副主任醫師以上人員完成,由操作醫生對每段結腸清潔情況進行評分,由專職護士進行記錄并累計相加計算總分。
1.4.2 腸道準備舒適度評估 記錄患者在腸道準備過程中的異常反應,如腹痛、腹脹、頭暈、乏力和嘔吐等情況。優:無明顯消化道癥狀及全身癥狀;良:腹脹、頭暈或乏力、輕微腹痛;差:惡心、嘔吐、明顯腹痛和頭暈等。同時記錄患者腸道準備對睡眠的影響。
所有實驗數據均經統計軟件SPSS 13.0進行處理,計數資料采用χ2檢驗,以P<0.05為差異具有統計學意義。
3組患者腸道清潔充分率分別為61.4%、78.7%和72.7%,B組和C組腸道清潔度雖然優于A組,但是3組之間比較,差異無統計學意義(χ2=4.38,P=0.111)。見表 1。
A組與B、C兩組患者比較,B、C組患者腸道準備中舒適度優于A組,不良反應發生率偏低,差異有統計學意義(χ2=10.31,P=0.036),但B組與C組患者比較,患者在腸道準備中舒適度差異無統計學意義(χ2=0.16,P=0.921)。見表 2。
就對患者睡眠影響而言,A組患者腸道準備過程中比B、C兩組對患者睡眠的影響更大,差異有統計學意義(χ2=25.67,P=0.000)。見表3。

表1 3組患者腸道清潔度比較 例(%)Table 1 Comparison of intestinal cleanliness among the three groups n(%)

表2 3組患者腸道準備中舒適度比較 例(%)Table 2 Comparison of comfort among the three groups n(%)

表3 3組患者腸道準備對睡眠影響 例(%)Table 3 Comparison of sleep effects among the three groups n(%)
無痛結腸鏡檢查技術可使患者在淺睡眠狀態下完成檢查或治療,腸道清潔的程度直接影響無痛內鏡的診療效果,理想的腸道準備可以提供清晰的視野,還可以提高診斷的準確性[6-7]。中國消化內鏡診療相關腸道準備指南[8]指出理想的清潔腸道時間不應超過24 h,內鏡診療最好于口服清潔劑結束后4 h內進行,無痛結腸鏡檢查建議在6 h后進行[9]。
聚乙二醇電解質散是目前國內常用的一種腸道清潔劑,通過大量排空消化液清洗腸道,不影響腸道吸收和分泌,不會導致水電解質平衡紊亂[10-13],目前常見口服用法是內鏡檢查前6 h內服用聚乙二醇溶液2 000~3 000 ml,2 h內服完,在服用過程中很多患者因嚴重腹脹、腹痛或惡心、嘔吐停止服用或減慢服用,從而影響腸道清潔效果,最終影響結腸鏡的診療效果。
本研究根據患者無痛結腸鏡檢查安排時間不同,制定不同的口服聚乙二醇電解質溶液時間,包括單次口服及分次口服,一方面研究分次口服是否會減少患者腸道準備過程中不適的發生率,另一方面研究患者分次口服聚乙二醇電解質溶液是否會影響腸道清潔度。研究發現,無痛結腸鏡檢查至少6 h前,分次口服聚乙二醇電解質溶液與單次口服相比,分次口服聚乙二醇電解質溶液腸道清潔度優于單次口服,雖然差異無統計學意義,但確實可以減少患者在腸道準備過程中惡心、嘔吐和腹痛等不適感,且對患者睡眠質量影響更小。有研究表明,分次口服腸道清潔劑比單次口服腸道清潔劑所取得到腸道清潔效果更好[14]。此外,結合本研究還可得出,對于僅行無痛腸鏡檢查的患者可優先選擇分次口服聚乙二醇電解質溶液,而對于擬同時行無痛胃腸鏡檢查患者,選擇B組方案,即檢查前一晚20∶00服用聚乙二醇溶液750 ml,檢查當日5∶00再次服用聚乙二醇溶液2 250 ml更適合。
綜上所述,在無痛結腸鏡檢查至少6 h前,分次服用聚乙二醇電解質溶液不僅不影響腸道清潔度,還可提高患者依從性及舒適度,安全性更高,值得在臨床上廣泛推廣使用。
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Effect of oral polyethylene glycol at different time for painless colonoscopy preparation
Hong-wei Guo, Yuan-yuan Zhao, Hai-yuan Wang, Yan-li Cheng
(Department of Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of TsingHua University, Beijing 100016, China)
ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and comfort of oral polyethylene glycol at different time for painless colonoscopy preparation.MethodsAccording to time of oral compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder, 173 painless colonoscopy patients were divided into group A, group B and group C. Patients in group A took 4 boxes of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for colonic preparation at 22:00 on day 1 before the check, the time of painless colonoscopy is 8:30 ~ 10:30. Group B patients took 1 box of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for colonic preparation at 20:00 on day 1 before the check and took 3 boxes at 5:00 am on check day, the time of painless colonoscopy is 10:30 ~ 12:30. Group C patients took 1 box of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for colonic preparation at 20:00 on day 1 before the check and took 3 boxes at 7:00 am on check day, the time of painless colonoscopy is 13:30 ~ 15:30. At last, we compare the colon cleanliness and comfort of patients among the three groups.ResultsThere was no signi ficant difference in instetinal cleanliness among the 3 groups (P> 0.05), but there was greatly signi ficant difference in subjective tolerance among 3 groups(P< 0.05).ConclusionThe 3 methods of having boxes of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte power all have the satisfying effect for colonic preparation, but fractionated dose polyethylene glycol electrolyte power provides a better tolerance for bowel preparation of painless colonscopy.
compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder; painless colonoscopy; colonic preparation
R574
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.09.004
1007-1989(2017)09-0020-04
2017-02-17
程艷麗,E-mail:chengyanli001@126.com;Tel:13521912991
(彭薇 編輯)