密度與氮鉀肥對‘東農311’光合特性及產量的影響

梁曉麗，魏峭嶸，石 瑛

（東北農業(yè)大學農學院，黑龍江 哈爾濱 150030）

密度與氮鉀肥對‘東農311’光合特性及產量的影響

梁曉麗，魏峭嶸，石 瑛*

（東北農業(yè)大學農學院，黑龍江 哈爾濱 150030）

以中晚熟鮮食馬鈴薯品種‘東農311’為試驗材料，研究不同密度和氮鉀肥處理下的光合特性及產量性狀，以便為該品種的豐產優(yōu)質栽培提供理論依據。結果表明，光合特性在不同因素條件下表現不同，氮處理對SPAD（Soil and plant analyzer development，SPAD）值和凈光合速率的影響極顯著；鉀處理對SPAD值和氣孔導度的影響顯著；密度處理僅對SPAD值影響顯著。綜合來看，SPAD值在施氮量為10 kg/667m2、施鉀量為7.5 kg/667m2、密度為4 200株/667m2時最大；凈光合速率在施氮量為15 kg/667m2、施鉀量為7.5 kg/667m2、密度為5 000株/667m2時最大；氣孔導度在施氮量為15kg/667m2、施鉀量為12.5kg/667m2、密度為3400株/667m2時最大。三個因素條件中，鉀素對產量影響顯著，且在施氮量5 kg/667m2、施鉀量12.5 kg/667m2、種植密度為4 200株/667m2時產量最高，為3 150 kg/667m2；在施氮量15kg/667m2、施鉀量7.5kg/667m2、種植密度為5000株/667m2時商品薯率最大，為71.29%。

馬鈴薯；氮肥；鉀肥；密度；光合；產量

Abstrraacctt::The late maturing table potato variety'Dongnong 311'was used as the experimental material,and the photosynthetic and yielding characters of different densities,nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications were studied,which will provide the theoretical basis for high yield and high quality cultivation of this variety.Photosynthetic characteristics were different under different factors,and the effects of nitrogen treatment on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development(SPAD)value and net photosynthetic rate were highly significant;the effects of potassium treatment on SPAD value and stomatal conductance were significant;the density treatment only had significant effect on SPAD value.On the whole,the SPAD value was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 10 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667m2,and the density was 4 200 strain/667m2;the net photosynthetic rate was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667m2,and density was 5 000 hill/667m2;the stomatal conductance was the largest when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 12.5 kg/667m2,and density was 3 400 hill/667m2.In the three factors,potassium had significant effects on yield,and the yield was the highest when the nitrogen amount was 5 kg/667m2,potassium was 12.5 kg/667m2,and planting density was 4 200 hill/667m2,at which the yield was 3 150 kg/667m2;the marketable tuber percentage was the largest when the nitrogen amount was 15 kg/667m2,potassium was 7.5 kg/667m2,and planting density was 5 000 hill/667m2,which was 71.29%.

Key Worrddss::potato;nitrogen fertilizer;potassium fertilizer;density;photosynthesis;yield

馬鈴薯是世界上廣泛栽培的第四大糧食作物[1]，具有產量高、生育期短、適應性強、分布范圍廣、營養(yǎng)全面、經濟價值高等特點，既可作為糧、菜、飼兼用的作物，又可作為工業(yè)原料而廣泛地應用于食品工業(yè)、淀粉工業(yè)、飼料工業(yè)和醫(yī)藥工業(yè)等[2]。馬鈴薯已被聯合國糧農組織（FAO）視為21世紀保證糧食安全的作物，隨世界人口的增加其重要性日益突出[3]。

氮素是植物重要的營養(yǎng)三要素之一，在馬鈴薯生長發(fā)育過程中發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用。缺氮會導致植株矮小、生長緩慢、葉色淡綠，葉片又小又薄，分枝數少，開花早，抗逆性差，早疫病發(fā)病重，產量低，干物質含量也低于正常植株；……