隴中半干旱區(qū)不同覆蓋方式對馬鈴薯生長指標(biāo)，產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響

黃 凱，何小謙，李德明，王 娟，何萬春，劉全亮，譚偉軍，韓儆仁

（定西市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院，甘肅 定西 743000）

栽培生理

隴中半干旱區(qū)不同覆蓋方式對馬鈴薯生長指標(biāo)，產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響

黃 凱，何小謙，李德明，王 娟，何萬春，劉全亮，譚偉軍，韓儆仁*

（定西市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院，甘肅 定西 743000）

為研究不同覆蓋方式對馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響，以馬鈴薯新品種‘定薯3號’為材料，采用黑、白地膜和玉米秸稈為覆蓋材料，探討隴中半干旱區(qū)馬鈴薯覆蓋栽培的生理效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明，和露地栽培相比不同覆蓋方式均可提早馬鈴薯出苗時(shí)間2 d以上，增強(qiáng)苗期長勢，促進(jìn)莖葉生長，生育期延長2～17 d，產(chǎn)量增加10.09%～30.26%。增產(chǎn)效果最顯著覆蓋方式為“玉米秸稈+黑膜”和“黑色地膜覆蓋”。不同覆蓋栽培方式對馬鈴薯塊莖的淀粉、干物質(zhì)和還原糖含量有較大影響，不同覆蓋栽培方式各有差異。因此，生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)根據(jù)不同用途，采取相應(yīng)的覆蓋栽培方式來獲得較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

定薯3號；馬鈴薯；覆蓋方式；產(chǎn)量；品質(zhì)

Abstrraacctt::Potato variety'Dingshu 3'was used in the experiment to study the characteristics of growth,yield and quality in six mulching methods that employed plastic film mulch and maize straw in the semi-arid area of Longzhong to discuss the cultivation physiological effect.Compared with open field culture,emergence was advanced by two days or more,stem and leaf growth was promoted and plants were more vigorous,growth duration was prolonged by 2-17 days,and yield was increased by 10.09%-30.26%in various mulching methods,with"maize straw+black plastic film"and"black plastic mulching only"increasing yield significantly.Moreover,all of the mulching methods had relatively more influences on the tuber starch,dry matter and reducing sugar contents,and different mulchings gave various results.Therefore,relevant cultivation model should be employed to meet the demand of various markets.

Key Worrddss::Dingshu 3;potato;mulching method;yield;quality

馬鈴薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）作為主要糧食作物之一，在定西地區(qū)得到廣泛種植，常年種植面積在20萬hm2左右[1]，其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。加之馬鈴薯主食化戰(zhàn)略的提出及定西主食聯(lián)盟的成立，使得馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)將在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中占有相當(dāng)重要作用，已成為解決當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民脫貧致富和經(jīng)濟(jì)來源的直接保障。但由于定西地處隴中半干旱區(qū)，水資源短缺和干旱已成為阻礙當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要原因。近年來，當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)技部門采取有效農(nóng)業(yè)措施，使用地膜覆蓋可減少土壤水分蒸發(fā)，顯著增加土壤溫度，改善土壤理化性狀[2]，進(jìn)而提高馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量，改善馬鈴薯品質(zhì)[3]。……